American nightshade
solanum americanum
Also known as: ["American black nightshade","poisonberry"]
Overview
A herbaceous annual plant native to the Americas, often found in disturbed areas and waste grounds.
Benefits & Perks
["wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","drought tolerant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | Solanum |
| Botanical Name: | Solanum americanum |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Herbs & Weeds
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden bed or container in warm, sheltered area
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Moderate to fast-draining.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, fertile soil with organic matter; can tolerate average garden soil.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: very low
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, but generally every 2–3 months during growing season.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of growth if plant becomes leggy.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright indirect light for 6–8 hours daily; can tolerate partial shade, especially in hot climates.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually to intense sunlight; protect from direct midday sun to avoid scorching; adjust placement based on seasonal light changes.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
easyeasy
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plant weekly for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter intense light; move outdoors in spring/summer for stronger light.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, less frequently in winter
Water deeply to encourage root growth; avoid overwatering, which can lead to fungal issues; ensure good drainage.
Soil
well-draining, moderately fertile soil
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Avoid heavy clay soils; ensure pots have drainage; test soil pH annually.
Temperature
Thrives in warm conditions (65–85°F or 18–29°C); prefers stable temperatures, avoiding extremes.
Avoid placing near drafty windows; maintain consistent room temperature; use a thermometer to monitor conditions.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during growing season
Apply fertilizer after watering to prevent root burn; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; match fertilizer to plant's growth stage.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings; easily rooted in water or moist soil.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take a 4–6 inch cutting with at least 2 nodes.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Place in medium.
- Keep moist and warm.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm, humid conditions with indirect light; maintain consistent moisture.
Medium
Well-draining soil mix or water; can also use perlite or sand for faster rooting.
Hormone
Not necessary, but rooting hormone can speed up the process.
Timeline
Roots typically form in 1–3 weeks; new growth appears in 4–6 weeks.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone (optional), small pots, water or soil medium.
Quick Tips
Use clean tools to prevent disease; change water regularly if using water propagation; maintain humidity with a plastic bag if needed.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Pinch back tips for bushier growth; cut just above a leaf node or bud.
Pruning Plan
Prune to control size, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or diseased parts.
Tools
Pruning shears, sterilizing solution, gloves.
Checklist
Sterilize tools before use; prune in early morning; dispose of cuttings properly.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before active growth begins.
Pot Size
Choose a pot 1–2 inches larger in diameter than the current one.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim any circling roots; place in new pot with fresh soil; water lightly.
Suggestions
Repot every 1–2 years or when roots fill the pot; beneficial for growth and nutrient uptake.
Checklist
Use fresh potting mix; ensure drainage holes are clear; water after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water early in the day; ensure pots have drainage holes.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water at the base of the plant, focusing on the root zone; apply until water drains from the bottom; avoid wetting foliage to prevent disease.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water regularly during active growth (spring/summer), allowing soil to dry slightly between waterings; reduce frequency in fall/winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add compost or aged manure for fertility; mix in perlite or sand for drainage; top-dress with organic matter annually.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Wilting, yellowing leaves, or stunted growth in cold; leaf drop or scorched foliage in excessive heat.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth and can cause root damage; prolonged cold may lead to death.
Solution: Protect from frost; move potted plants indoors during cold spells; use a heat mat for seedlings.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause leaf burn, wilting, and reduced flowering; may drop leaves to conserve water.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering frequency; use mulch to retain soil moisture.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check fertilizer label for NPK ratio; water plant before fertilizing; apply in early morning or late evening.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during growing season; avoid fertilizing in winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Slightly ToxicCats are susceptible to the toxic effects of Solanum americanum, particularly due to the solanine content. Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal distress and mild neurological symptoms, which may require veterinary attention.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
Slightly ToxicIn dogs, ingestion of Solanum americanum can lead to gastrointestinal upset and mild neurological effects due to the presence of solanine and related compounds. The toxicity is generally mild but can be more pronounced in smaller or sensitive breeds.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
Slightly ToxicSolanum americanum contains solanine and other glycoalkaloids, which can cause gastrointestinal and neurological disturbances upon ingestion. These compounds interfere with cellular processes, leading to symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to more severe effects in sensitive individuals.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Solanum americanum edible?
A: While some parts are used in traditional medicine, the plant is generally considered mildly toxic and should not be consumed without expert guidance.
Q: How does this plant spread?
A: It spreads via seeds and can quickly colonize disturbed areas.
Q: Does it require much care?
A: No, it is a hardy plant that thrives with minimal maintenance.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Care: | easy |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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