Wolf Apple

solanum lycocarpum

Also known as: ["Fruta-de-lobo","Lobo Apple"]

Family: Solanaceae Genus: Solanum Category: Fruits

Overview

A species of flowering plant in the nightshade family, native to Brazil, known for its large, fleshy fruits resembling small pumpkins.

Benefits & Perks

["wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","rare/collector’s item"]

Botanical Classification

Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum
Botanical Name: Solanum lycocarpum

Plant Characteristics

Basic Information
  • Category: Fruits
  • Suitable Location: outdoor garden bed in temperate to tropical regions
  • Suitable For:
    Collectors & Enthusiasts Outdoor Landscapers Wildlife Supporters
  • Is Weed: No
  • Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
  • Climate: {"temperatureRange":"15–35°C"}
  • Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
  • Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
  • Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
  • Soil Type: Well-draining, loamy soil with added organic matter; cactus or succulent mix can work well.
Maintenance Level
  • Maintenance Level: moderate
  • Toughness Level: moderate
  • Pruning Frequency: Annually in late winter or early spring; light pruning can be done as needed.
  • Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of old growth to rejuvenate the plant.
Care Details

Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun (6–8 hours/day); tolerates partial shade in intense heat.

Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to full sun to prevent scorching; provide afternoon shade in hot climates; adjust indoor placement to mimic natural light conditions.

Warning Signs: Yellowing leaves, root rot, or stunted growth indicate poor soil conditions or improper watering.

Care Requirements

Care Difficulty
moderate

moderate

Sunlight

full sun to partial shade

Rotate plant for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter intense light; avoid direct sun on leaves during peak hours.

Watering

every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter

Water thoroughly but infrequently; ensure proper drainage; avoid wetting foliage.

Soil

well-draining, loamy soil with moderate organic content

pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).

Avoid heavy clay soils; ensure pots have drainage holes; test soil pH periodically.

Temperature

Warm temperatures (65–85°F/18–29°C); prefers stable conditions; sensitive to frost.

Avoid sudden temperature shifts; protect from drafts; maintain humidity in dry heat.

Fertilizing

every 4–6 weeks during growing season with balanced fertilizer

Fertilize after watering to prevent root burn; avoid nitrogen-heavy formulas; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup.

Propagation

Methods

Stem cuttings or seed; stem cuttings are more reliable for home growers.

Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
  1. Take a 4–6 inch cutting.
  2. Remove lower leaves.
  3. Dip in rooting hormone.
  4. Plant in medium.
  5. Maintain humidity.

Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.

Environment

High humidity (70–80%), warm temperatures (70–75°F/21–24°C), and indirect light.

Medium

Well-draining mix of peat, perlite, and sand; can also root in water initially.

Hormone

Rooting hormone is recommended to improve success rates.

Timeline

Roots develop in 3–6 weeks; new growth appears in 2–3 months.

Tools Needed

Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, humidity dome, misting spray bottle.

Quick Tips

Use healthy, non-flowering stems; keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; provide bottom heat if possible.

Pruning & Repotting

Pruning Guide
Method

Selective pruning of branches to improve air circulation and light penetration; pinch back tips to encourage bushier growth.

Pruning Plan

Prune to maintain shape, encourage fruiting, and remove dead or diseased growth.

Tools

Pruning shears, sterilizing solution, gloves.

Checklist

Sterilize tools; prune during dormancy; remove dead or crossing branches; clean up debris afterward.

Repotting Guide
Best Season

Early spring before new growth begins.

Pot Size

Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter; ensure good drainage holes.

Method

Remove plant gently; trim roots if necessary; place in a new pot with fresh soil; water lightly.

Suggestions

Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; necessary to refresh soil and provide space for growth.

Checklist

Choose appropriate pot; prepare new soil mix; handle roots carefully; water after repotting.

Advanced Care Tips

Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist

Check soil moisture; water deeply; ensure drainage; avoid overwatering.

How to Apply Water Properly

Water at the base of the plant, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone; allow excess water to drain away; water early in the morning to minimize evaporation.

Pro Tip: Use a watering can with a narrow spout to direct water to the roots without disturbing the soil surface.
Watering Schedule Tips

Water deeply once the top inch of soil is dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.

Soil Improvement

Add perlite or sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; use mulch to retain moisture.

Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues

Chlorosis, leaf drop, stunted growth, or blossom end rot in extreme conditions.

Cold Stress

Growth slows or halts; leaves may wilt or turn purple; risk of frost damage.

Solution: Move to a warmer location; use a heat mat or grow light; cover outdoors if frost is expected.

Hot Stress

Wilting, leaf scorch, reduced fruit set, or premature fruit drop.

Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering; use mulch to retain soil moisture.

Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist

Check fertilizer type; dilute correctly; apply to moist soil; avoid contact with foliage.

Fertilizing Method

Use balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during growing season; reduce or stop in winter.

Common Problems & Solutions

Yellowing leaves in Solanum lycocarpum may indicate nutrient deficiencies, overwatering, or pest infestations, affecting photosynthesis and overall plant health.

Wilting in Solanum lycocarpum can be caused by water stress, root damage, or disease, leading to reduced turgor pressure and potential plant death if not addressed.

Leaf spots on Solanum lycocarpum are often caused by fungal or bacterial pathogens, leading to reduced photosynthetic efficiency and potential defoliation.

Rotting, particularly root or stem rot, can occur in Solanum lycocarpum due to excessive moisture or fungal infections, causing decay and eventual plant death.

Toxicity Warning

Cats
Toxic

Solanum lycocarpum is toxic to cats due to its glycoalkaloid content, which can cause severe gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms. Cats are particularly sensitive to these compounds, which can lead to systemic toxicity and organ damage.

⚠️ Symptoms:
vomiting diarrhea depression tremors seizures weakness
🌿 Toxic Parts:
berries leaves stems
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Ensure the plant is inaccessible to cats. Contact a veterinarian promptly if ingestion is suspected.
Dogs
Toxic

The glycoalkaloids in Solanum lycocarpum are toxic to dogs, causing gastrointestinal and neurological disturbances. These compounds can lead to severe systemic effects, including damage to the nervous system and internal organs.

⚠️ Symptoms:
vomiting diarrhea lethargy tremors seizures difficulty breathing
🌿 Toxic Parts:
berries leaves stems
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Keep the plant out of reach of dogs. If ingestion is suspected, seek veterinary attention immediately.
Humans
Toxic

Solanum lycocarpum contains solasodine and other glycoalkaloids, which can disrupt cellular functions and cause significant physiological disturbances upon ingestion. These compounds interfere with membrane integrity and enzyme activity, leading to systemic toxicity.

⚠️ Symptoms:
nausea vomiting abdominal pain diarrhea dizziness weakness paralysis
🌿 Toxic Parts:
berries leaves stems
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Avoid consumption of any part of the plant. Keep away from children and food preparation areas.
Important: Keep this plant out of reach of children and pets. If ingestion occurs, contact poison control or veterinary services immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is Solanum lycocarpum edible?

A: The fruit is edible when ripe but should be consumed with caution due to mild toxicity.

Q: Where is Solanum lycocarpum native to?

A: It is native to Brazil, particularly in the Cerrado biome.

Q: Does this plant attract wildlife?

A: Yes, it attracts bees, butterflies, and birds due to its flowers and fruits.

Quick Reference
Family: Solanaceae
Care: moderate
Light: full sun to partial shade
Water: every 7–10 days during activ
Suitable For: ["collectors/enthusiasts","outdoor landscapers","wildlife supporters (attracts bees, butterflies, birds)"]
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