Pequi
caryocar brasiliense
Also known as: ["Pequi","Caryocar coriaceum"]
Overview
A deciduous tree native to the Brazilian Cerrado, known for its edible fruits and hardy nature.
Benefits & Perks
["edible fruits","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","drought tolerant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Caryocaraceae |
| Genus: | Caryocar |
| Botanical Name: | Caryocar brasiliense |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Fruits
- Suitable Location: open field or orchard in tropical or subtropical regions
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"15–40°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, sandy loam with organic matter; mimics native soil conditions.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: Annually in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of old growth if needed.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun (6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily); tolerates partial shade but requires bright light for optimal growth.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually to intense sunlight; protect from harsh midday sun in summer; ensure adequate ventilation if grown indoors.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun
Rotate plant for even light exposure; use sheer curtains to filter intense sun; avoid sudden light changes.
Watering
every 7–10 days during growing season, less frequently in dormant period
Water thoroughly but infrequently; ensure soil dries between waterings; avoid overwatering, especially in cooler months.
Soil
well-drained, sandy loam with moderate organic content
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Use coarse sand for drainage; avoid heavy clay soils; ensure pH is balanced.
Temperature
Thrives in warm temperatures (20–35°C); prefers stable conditions; sensitive to frost.
Avoid sudden temperature shifts; maintain humidity in hot weather; protect from frost.
Fertilizing
every 2–3 months during active growth with balanced fertilizer
Fertilize sparingly; apply during active growth; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup.
Propagation
Methods
Seed propagation is most common; stem cuttings can also be used but are less reliable.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Prepare medium.
- Plant seeds or cuttings.
- Maintain moisture.
- Provide warmth.
- Monitor for roots.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm (25–30°C), humid, and bright but indirect light; protect from direct sun.
Medium
Well-draining mix of sand, perlite, and peat moss.
Hormone
Rooting hormone is optional but can improve success rates for cuttings.
Timeline
Seeds may take 1–3 months to germinate; cuttings may root in 4–8 weeks.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, pots, well-draining medium.
Quick Tips
Keep soil consistently moist; provide bottom heat for faster rooting; use clean tools to prevent disease.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Selective thinning and heading back to maintain structure and health.
Pruning Plan
Prune to shape the plant, remove dead or diseased branches, and encourage airflow.
Tools
Pruning shears, loppers, gloves, disinfectant.
Checklist
Disinfect tools; prune dead/diseased wood; shape the plant; clean up debris.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the active growing season begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) in diameter.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim roots if necessary; repot in fresh, well-draining soil; water lightly.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the container; needed for young, rapidly growing plants.
Checklist
Check root bound status; prepare new pot; trim roots; use fresh soil; water after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone until water drains from the bottom; ensure even moisture without waterlogging; water in the morning to allow foliage to dry.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once the top inch of soil dries out; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add sand or perlite for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure aeration with organic matter.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis, leaf drop, stunted growth, or bud drop in response to extreme temperatures.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth, cause leaf discoloration, and may lead to frost damage or death.
Solution: Protect from frost with frost cloth; move indoors in winter; avoid placing near cold drafts.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause wilting, leaf scorch, or reduced fruit production.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering; use mulch to retain soil moisture.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check season; use balanced fertilizer; dilute properly; avoid winter feeding.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in spring and summer; dilute liquid fertilizer to half-strength monthly during growing season; avoid fertilizing in winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicCats are highly susceptible to the toxic effects of Caryocar brasiliense. The seeds and pulp can cause significant gastrointestinal distress and systemic toxicity, which may be life-threatening if not addressed promptly.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
ToxicDogs are particularly sensitive to the toxic compounds in Caryocar brasiliense. The seeds and pulp contain substances that can cause severe gastrointestinal upset and potential systemic toxicity, especially in smaller breeds or if ingested in large amounts.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
Slightly ToxicCaryocar brasiliense, commonly known as pequi, contains toxic compounds primarily in its seeds and pulp. Ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal distress and mild systemic effects due to the presence of saponins and other bioactive compounds. The physiological impact is generally limited to mild irritation and discomfort.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is the Pequi tree suitable for cultivation in tropical regions?
A: Yes, it thrives in tropical and subtropical climates, particularly in the Brazilian Cerrado biome.
Q: Are the fruits of Caryocar brasiliense edible?
A: Yes, the fruits are edible and widely consumed in Brazil, often used in culinary dishes.
Q: Does the Pequi tree require special care?
A: It is relatively low-maintenance but benefits from well-drained soil and full sunlight.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Caryocaraceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during growi |
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