Candlestick Spurge, Indian Spurge Tree
euphorbia nivulia
Also known as: ["Nivulia","Euphorbia royleana"]
Overview
A large, deciduous tree native to India and Pakistan, known for its milky latex and distinctive candlestick-like growth habit.
Benefits & Perks
["fast growing","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","drought tolerant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus: | Euphorbia |
| Botanical Name: | Euphorbia nivulia |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Trees
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden in warm, dry climates, or as a large indoor container plant with bright light
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: moderate
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"15–40°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogged roots.
- Soil Type: Well-draining cactus or succulent mix with added perlite or coarse sand.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, typically every 6–12 months or after flowering.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; can be pruned heavily if necessary, but avoid removing more than one-third of the plant at
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright, direct sunlight for 6–8 hours daily; tolerates partial shade but may become leggy. Adjust exposure gradually if moving from indoors to outdoors.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants to direct sun over 7–10 days to prevent scorching; place in the brightest possible location indoors; outdoors, protect from intense midday sun in hot climates.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plant weekly for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter harsh sunlight; avoid sudden light changes.
Watering
every 7–10 days during growing season, every 3–4 weeks in winter
Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom; avoid overwatering to prevent root rot; adjust frequency based on season and weather.
Soil
well-draining, sandy loam with some organic matter
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure pots have drainage holes; avoid heavy clay soils; top-dress with gravel for extra drainage.
Temperature
Thrives in 65–85°F (18–29°C); prefers warm, stable conditions; sensitive to frost.
Avoid placing near drafty windows or heating vents; maintain consistent temperatures; protect from frost.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during active growth with balanced liquid fertilizer
Fertilize only when actively growing; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; use a balanced formula.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings; leaf cuttings can also be used but are slower.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Select a healthy stem.
- Let cut end dry for a few days.
- Plant in medium.
- Keep moist but not waterlogged.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm, humid environment with indirect light; maintain temperatures around 70–75°F (21–24°C).
Medium
Well-draining mix of perlite and peat moss or cactus soil.
Hormone
Optional, but rooting hormone can speed up the process.
Timeline
Roots may form in 3–6 weeks; new growth appears in 2–3 months.
Tools Needed
Sharp knife or scissors, rooting hormone (optional), small pots, well-draining medium.
Quick Tips
Allow cuttings to callous before planting; maintain humidity with a plastic cover; use sterile tools to prevent disease.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Cut stems just above a leaf node or branch junction; wear gloves to avoid skin irritation from sap.
Pruning Plan
Prune to control size, shape, and encourage bushier growth; remove dead or damaged stems.
Tools
Pruning shears, gloves, clean cloth for sap cleanup.
Checklist
Wear gloves; sterilize tools; prune during active growth; dispose of cuttings safely.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the active growing season begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter; ensure the new pot has drainage holes.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim any circling roots; place in a slightly larger pot with fresh, well-draining soil; water lightly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; necessary to refresh soil and provide space for growth.
Checklist
Choose the right pot size; prepare fresh soil mix; handle roots carefully; water sparingly after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone, ensuring even moisture distribution; water early in the morning to minimize evaporation; ensure excess water drains away to prevent waterlogging.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once every 7–10 days during active growth in spring and summer; reduce frequency to every 3–4 weeks in fall and winter. Allow soil to dry completely between waterings.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite, coarse sand, or pumice to improve drainage; incorporate organic matter like compost for fertility.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis or leaf drop in cold stress; wilting or scorching in excessive heat.
Cold Stress
Growth slows or halts; stems may become brittle; risk of fungal infections due to cold, damp conditions.
Solution: Move to a warmer location; protect from drafts; reduce watering in cool conditions.
Hot Stress
Leaves may curl or scorch; growth may slow; increased water demand.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering frequency; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check growth phase; dilute fertilizer correctly; apply to moist soil; stop in dormant season.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer; avoid fertilizing in fall and winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicCats are susceptible to toxicity from Euphorbia nivulia if they ingest any part of the plant. The milky sap contains irritants that can cause severe gastrointestinal distress and oral irritation in felines.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested
Dogs
ToxicIngestion of Euphorbia nivulia by dogs can cause significant gastrointestinal upset due to the presence of toxic diterpene esters in the plant's sap. The sap can also cause oral and esophageal irritation upon ingestion.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested
Humans
ToxicThe milky sap of Euphorbia nivulia contains diterpene esters, which are irritants that can cause severe skin and eye irritation upon contact. Ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal distress and systemic toxicity due to the sap's caustic properties.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if touched or ingested
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Euphorbia nivulia toxic to pets?
A: Yes, it is mildly toxic to dogs and cats if ingested.
Q: How fast does Euphorbia nivulia grow?
A: It is a fast-growing tree, capable of significant height increase in a single growing season.
Q: Does Euphorbia nivulia attract wildlife?
A: Yes, it attracts bees, butterflies, and birds due to its flowering habit.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during growi |
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