Water Spinach, Kangkong
ipomoea aquatica
Also known as: ["Water Morning Glory","Chinese Water Spinach"]
Overview
A semi-aquatic, tropical plant grown as a vegetable for its tender stems and leaves.
Benefits & Perks
["edible fruits","medicinal use","culinary herb","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","drought tolerant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Convolvulaceae |
| Genus: | Ipomoea |
| Botanical Name: | Ipomoea aquatica |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Herbs & Weeds
- Suitable Location: potted or in-ground in a water-retentive garden bed
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"20–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, but beneficial during dry periods to maintain humidity
- Drainage: Moderate drainage; soil should not stay waterlogged but should retain some moisture.
- Soil Type: Rich, loamy soil with good organic matter; can tolerate slightly sandy or clay soils if amended.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, but at least every 2–3 months during growing season.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; can be pruned back significantly if overgrown.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright indirect light for 6–8 hours daily; can tolerate partial shade, especially in hot climates; adjust exposure based on season.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate new plants gradually to direct sun; avoid intense midday sun which can scorch leaves; move indoors if outdoor temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C).
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
easyeasy
Sunlight
partial shade to full sun
Rotate plant weekly for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter harsh sunlight; provide shade during peak summer hours.
Watering
daily to every 2–3 days, depending on soil moisture and environmental conditions
Maintain high soil moisture; water more frequently in warm weather; ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.
Soil
rich, moist, loamy soil with good organic matter
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral, pH 6.0–7.0.
Ensure soil is not compacted; top-dress with organic matter annually; check pH periodically.
Temperature
Thrives in warm conditions, 70–85°F (21–29°C); prefers stable temperatures; sensitive to cold below 50°F (10°C).
Avoid placing near drafty windows or air vents; maintain stable indoor temperatures; use a thermometer to monitor conditions.
Fertilizing
every 2–4 weeks during active growth with a balanced liquid fertilizer
Apply fertilizer after watering to prevent root burn; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; choose a fertilizer with higher nitrogen content for leafy growth.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings in water or soil; division of runners or rhizomes.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Select healthy stem.
- Cut just below a node.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Place in medium.
- Keep moist and warm.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when growth is active.
Environment
Warm, humid environment with indirect light; maintain consistent moisture.
Medium
Well-draining soil mix or clean water; can also use perlite or vermiculite for rooting.
Hormone
Optional but can speed up rooting; use a mild rooting hormone if desired.
Timeline
Roots typically form in 1–2 weeks in water; soil propagation may take 2–4 weeks.
Tools Needed
Sharp scissors or knife, clean container, rooting hormone (optional), misting spray bottle.
Quick Tips
Use stems with visible nodes for best results; change water every few days if using water propagation; maintain high humidity for faster rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Pinch back tips for bushier growth; cut stems just above a leaf node or junction.
Pruning Plan
Prune to control size, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or diseased parts.
Tools
Clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears.
Checklist
Sterilize tools before use; prune in early morning or evening; remove no more than one-third of plant at a time.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before active growth begins.
Pot Size
Choose a pot 1–2 inches larger in diameter than the current one.
Method
Gently remove plant; trim any circling roots; place in new pot with fresh soil; water thoroughly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot every 6–12 months or when roots fill the pot; beneficial for rapid growers like Ipomoea aquatica.
Checklist
Select appropriate pot size; prepare fresh soil mix; water plant a day before repotting; handle roots gently.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture daily; water when top inch feels dry; ensure excess water drains away; adjust frequency with temperature.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water thoroughly until water drains from the bottom; focus on the root zone; avoid wetting foliage to prevent fungal issues; water in the morning for optimal absorption.
Watering Schedule Tips
Keep soil consistently moist, especially during active growth; reduce watering slightly in winter but never let soil dry out completely.
Soil Improvement
Add compost or well-rotted manure for fertility; mix in perlite or sand for better drainage if needed.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis or wilting in cold; leaf drop or stunted growth in extreme heat; slowed growth in temperature fluctuations.
Cold Stress
Growth halts; leaves may turn yellow or brown; risk of root damage if soil freezes.
Solution: Move to a warmer location; use a heat mat for soil warmth; cover with a frost cloth if outdoors.
Hot Stress
Wilting despite moist soil; leaf scorch or browning; reduced vigor and flowering.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase humidity with misting; ensure consistent watering.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check fertilizer label for NPK ratio; dilute correctly; apply to moist soil; avoid contact with foliage.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 2–4 weeks during growing season; reduce or stop in winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Non-toxicWater spinach is not considered toxic to cats. However, like dogs, excessive consumption may lead to mild gastrointestinal issues due to its high fiber content.
⚠️ Symptoms:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
Non-toxicWater spinach is generally considered non-toxic to dogs when consumed in small amounts. However, large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to its high fiber content.
⚠️ Symptoms:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
Slightly ToxicIpomoea aquatica, commonly known as water spinach, contains high levels of oxalates which can interfere with calcium absorption and potentially lead to kidney stones if consumed raw or in excessive quantities. Cooking significantly reduces oxalate content, making it safer for consumption.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten raw or improperly cooked
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Water Spinach safe for pets?
A: Yes, it is non-toxic to dogs and cats.
Q: Can Water Spinach be grown in water?
A: Yes, it thrives in aquatic or semi-aquatic environments.
Q: Is Water Spinach used in cooking?
A: Yes, it is a popular vegetable in Southeast Asian cuisine.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Convolvulaceae |
| Care: | easy |
| Light: | partial shade to full sun |
| Water: | daily to every 2–3 days, dep |
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