Chinese Elm
ulmus parvifolia
Also known as: ["Lacebark Elm","Small-leaved Elm"]
Overview
A deciduous or semi-evergreen tree native to East Asia, known for its attractive exfoliating bark and small, leathery leaves.
Benefits & Perks
["drought tolerant","shade tolerant","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","aesthetic foliage"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Urticales |
| Family: | Ulmaceae |
| Genus: | Ulmus |
| Botanical Name: | Ulmus parvifolia |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Trees
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden in a sheltered spot, or as a container plant in a bright location
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"5–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"6–9"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent root rot.
- Soil Type: Well-draining loamy soil with organic matter; avoid heavy clay.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: Annually in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of old growth if needed.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun to partial shade; 6–8 hours of direct sunlight per day, with protection from intense midday sun in hot climates.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to direct sun; provide shade during peak heat; adjust placement based on indoor/outdoor conditions.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Avoid sudden sun exposure; use shade cloth if needed; rotate plant for even light.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, less frequently in winter
Water thoroughly but infrequently; ensure good drainage; adjust based on season and weather.
Soil
well-drained, loamy soil with moderate organic content
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Use well-draining mix; avoid waterlogging; amend with organic matter.
Temperature
Hardy in USDA zones 5–9; prefers 60–75°F (15–24°C); tolerates mild frost but avoid prolonged freezing.
Protect from frost; provide shade in extreme heat; maintain consistent temperatures.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer with balanced liquid fertilizer
Fertilize in spring; use balanced formula; reduce in winter.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or seeds; stem cuttings are more reliable for home growers.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take 4–6 inch cuttings.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Apply rooting hormone.
- Plant in medium.
- Maintain humidity.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
High humidity (70–80%), warm temperatures (70–75°F), and indirect light.
Medium
Well-draining mix of peat, perlite, and sand.
Hormone
Rooting hormone is recommended for faster root development.
Timeline
Roots develop in 4–8 weeks; establish in new pot after 3–6 months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, propagation tray, plastic wrap.
Quick Tips
Use healthy cuttings; maintain humidity; keep warm and bright but indirect light.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Thinning cuts to open the canopy; heading cuts to shape branches.
Pruning Plan
Shape the tree and remove dead/diseased branches to improve structure and health.
Tools
Pruning shears, loppers, saw (for larger branches), disinfectant.
Checklist
Disinfect tools; prune dead/diseased wood; shape canopy; avoid excessive pruning.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before active growth starts.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim roots if crowded; use fresh well-draining soil; ensure drainage holes are clear.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; promotes fresh soil and root health.
Checklist
Check root bound status; prepare new pot; use fresh soil; water after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water at the base of the plant, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone; allow excess water to drain away; water in the morning to reduce evaporation.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once the top inch of soil is dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure good aeration.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Leaf scorch in excessive heat; leaf drop or dieback in cold stress.
Cold Stress
Slows growth; may cause leaf drop or dieback in temperatures below 20°F (-6°C).
Solution: Protect with frost cloth; move to a sheltered location; avoid overwatering in cold.
Hot Stress
Wilting, leaf scorch, or reduced growth in prolonged heat above 90°F (32°C).
Solution: Provide shade; increase humidity; water deeply but avoid waterlogging.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check season; use appropriate fertilizer; dilute if liquid; avoid winter feeding.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced slow-release fertilizer in spring; dilute liquid fertilizer to half-strength monthly during growing season; avoid fertilizing in winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Non-toxicUlmus parvifolia is not considered toxic to cats. The plant does not contain any known substances that are harmful to felines upon ingestion or contact.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic to cats
Dogs
Non-toxicUlmus parvifolia is not considered toxic to dogs. There are no documented cases of toxicity in canines resulting from exposure to this plant.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic to dogs
Humans
Non-toxicUlmus parvifolia, commonly known as the Chinese Elm, is not considered toxic to humans under normal circumstances. The plant does not produce any known toxic compounds that would cause adverse effects upon ingestion or contact.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic to humans
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is the Chinese Elm suitable for bonsai?
A: Yes, Ulmus parvifolia is highly prized for bonsai due to its small leaves and attractive bark.
Q: How fast does the Chinese Elm grow?
A: It has a moderate growth rate, typically reaching 13–24 inches per year.
Q: Does the Chinese Elm require full sun?
A: It tolerates a range of light conditions but thrives best in full sun to partial shade.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Ulmaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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