Lemon balm

melissa officinalis

Also known as: ["Balm mint","Lime balm","Sweet Melissa"]

Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Melissa Category: Herbs & Weeds

Overview

A perennial herb in the mint family, known for its lemon-scented leaves and calming properties.

Benefits & Perks

["fragrant flowers","edible fruits","medicinal use","culinary herb","aesthetic foliage","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","drought tolerant"]

Botanical Classification

Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Melissa
Botanical Name: Melissa officinalis

Plant Characteristics

Basic Information
  • Category: Herbs & Weeds
  • Suitable Location: garden bed or container in a location with good air circulation
  • Suitable For:
    Beginners Busy People (low Maintenance) Collectors & Enthusiasts Children & Families Elderly Gardeners Indoor Plant Lovers Outdoor Landscapers Pet Owners (non Toxic Plants Only) Edible Gardeners Fragrance Lovers Wildlife Supporters
  • Is Weed: No
  • Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
  • Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–30°C"}
  • Hardiness: {"zones":"6–9"}
  • Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
  • Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
  • Soil Type: Well-draining, loamy soil with added organic matter.
Maintenance Level
  • Maintenance Level: moderate
  • Toughness Level: moderate
  • Pruning Frequency: Every 4–6 weeks during the growing season; lightly prune year-round as needed.
  • Pruning Intensity: Light to moderate; avoid heavy pruning unless necessary to control size.
Care Details

Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright indirect light for 6–8 hours daily; can tolerate full sun with adequate water, but prefers partial shade in hot climates.

Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to intense sunlight; protect from harsh afternoon sun; adjust placement based on indoor/outdoor conditions.

Warning Signs: Yellowing leaves, root rot, or stunted growth indicate poor soil conditions or improper watering.

Care Requirements

Care Difficulty
easy

Easy

Sunlight

full sun to partial shade

Rotate plant for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter intense light; avoid direct midday sun.

Watering

every 7–10 days, allowing soil to dry slightly between waterings

Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom; allow soil to dry between waterings; avoid overhead watering to prevent leaf diseases.

Soil

well-draining, loamy soil with moderate organic matter

pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).

Use a mix of potting soil and perlite; avoid heavy clay soils; ensure pots have drainage holes.

Temperature

Prefers 60–75°F (15–24°C); tolerates cooler temperatures but not frost; thrives in moderate warmth with good air circulation.

Protect from frost; avoid placing near drafty windows or vents; maintain moderate humidity.

Fertilizing

every 4–6 weeks during active growth (spring and summer)

Fertilize less frequently in winter; apply fertilizer to moist soil to prevent root burn; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup.

Propagation

Methods

Stem cuttings or division.

Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
  1. Take a 4–6 inch cutting.
  2. Remove lower leaves.
  3. Dip in rooting hormone (optional).
  4. Plant in moist medium.
  5. Keep humid and warm.

Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.

Environment

Warm, humid environment with indirect light.

Medium

Well-draining potting mix or perlite and peat moss.

Hormone

Optional, but rooting hormone can speed up the process.

Timeline

Roots typically form in 2–4 weeks; new growth may appear in 6–8 weeks.

Tools Needed

Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, misting spray bottle.

Quick Tips

Use healthy, non-flowering stems; maintain high humidity; keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.

Pruning & Repotting

Pruning Guide
Method

Pinch back tips to encourage branching; trim stems just above a leaf node.

Pruning Plan

Regular pruning encourages bushier growth and prevents legginess; remove spent flowers and yellowing leaves to maintain plant health.

Tools

Pruning shears, sharp scissors.

Checklist

Use clean tools; prune dead or yellowing leaves; shape the plant; remove spent flowers.

Repotting Guide
Best Season

Spring, before the growing season begins.

Pot Size

Choose a pot 1–2 inches larger in diameter than the current one.

Method

Remove plant gently; trim any circling roots; place in a new pot with fresh soil; water lightly after repotting.

Suggestions

Repot every 1–2 years or when roots outgrow the pot; beneficial for rejuvenation and growth.

Checklist

Select appropriate pot size; prepare new soil mix; handle roots carefully; water after repotting.

Advanced Care Tips

Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist

Check soil moisture; water thoroughly; ensure drainage; adjust for season.

How to Apply Water Properly

Water directly at the root zone, ensuring even moisture distribution; water deeply to encourage root growth; ensure excess water drains to prevent waterlogging.

Pro Tip: Use room temperature water to avoid shocking the roots.
Watering Schedule Tips

Water when the top inch of soil is dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.

Soil Improvement

Add perlite or sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure good aeration.

Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues

Wilting, yellowing leaves, stunted growth, or leaf drop in extreme heat or cold.

Cold Stress

Slows growth, causes leaf discoloration, and may lead to root damage if temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C).

Solution: Move to a warmer location; provide a heat source if necessary; avoid cold drafts and sudden temperature drops.

Hot Stress

Leaves may scorch, wilt, or drop; growth may slow due to excessive heat and water loss.

Solution: Increase watering frequency; provide shade during peak heat; ensure good air circulation.

Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist

Check fertilizer type; dilute properly; apply during growing season; avoid over-fertilization.

Fertilizing Method

Use a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring to early fall); avoid fertilizing in winter.

Common Problems & Solutions

Yellowing leaves in Melissa officinalis may indicate nutrient deficiencies, overwatering, or pest infestations such as spider mites or aphids. It can also be a sign of viral infections or environmental stress.

Wilting in Melissa officinalis is often due to water stress, either from under or overwatering. It can also result from root damage, pest infestations, or bacterial infections that disrupt water uptake.

Leaf spots on Melissa officinalis are commonly caused by fungal or bacterial pathogens, leading to unsightly lesions on the leaves. Severe infections can cause defoliation and reduce the plant's vigor.

Rotting in Melissa officinalis is typically caused by fungal pathogens or bacterial infections, often exacerbated by overwatering or poor drainage. Root and stem rot can lead to plant death if not addressed promptly.

Toxicity Warning

Cats
Non-toxic

Melissa officinalis is not considered toxic to cats. Its mild, pleasant scent and calming properties make it a safe option for use around felines in moderation.

⚡ Toxic If:

Generally non-toxic

While non-toxic, excessive ingestion may lead to mild digestive issues. Always introduce new plants or herbs to your cat's environment gradually and consult a veterinarian if any adverse effects are observed.
Dogs
Non-toxic

Melissa officinalis is not considered toxic to dogs. It is often used in pet care products for its calming properties and is generally safe for consumption in small quantities.

⚡ Toxic If:

Generally non-toxic

While non-toxic, large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Monitor your pet for any unusual symptoms and consult a veterinarian if concerns arise.
Humans
Non-toxic

Melissa officinalis, commonly known as lemon balm, is generally considered non-toxic to humans. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its calming and digestive benefits.

⚡ Toxic If:

Generally non-toxic

While generally safe, excessive consumption may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals. Consult a healthcare professional before use if pregnant, nursing, or taking medications.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is lemon balm safe for pets?

A: Yes, lemon balm is non-toxic to dogs and cats.

Q: How do I propagate lemon balm?

A: Lemon balm can be propagated by stem cuttings or division of the root system.

Q: What are the culinary uses of lemon balm?

A: Lemon balm is used in teas, salads, desserts, and as a flavoring in various dishes.

Quick Reference
Family: Lamiaceae
Care: easy
Light: full sun to partial shade
Water: every 7–10 days, allowing so
Suitable For: ["beginners","busy people (low maintenance)","collectors/enthusiasts","children/families","elderly gardeners","indoor plant lovers","outdoor landscapers","pet owners (non-toxic plants only)","edible gardeners","fragrance lovers","wildlife supporters (attracts bees, butterflies, birds)"]
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