Vampire Lily, Dragon Arum
dracunculus vulgaris
Also known as: ["Stapelia vulgaris","Arum dracunculus"]
Overview
A striking perennial herbaceous plant known for its large, dark purple spathe and spadix, native to the Mediterranean region.
Benefits & Perks
["fragrant flowers","seasonal color change","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Liliopsida |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Genus: | Dracunculus |
| Botanical Name: | Dracunculus vulgaris |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Flowers
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden bed in a sheltered spot
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: moderate
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"8–10"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, loamy soil with added organic matter; can tolerate poor soils but thrives with enrichment.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, typically after flowering or when leaves yellow and die back.
- Pruning Intensity: Light pruning; focus on removing only dead or diseased parts.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright indirect light for 6–8 hours daily; can tolerate partial shade, especially in hot climates; direct sunlight may scorch leaves.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually to direct sun if needed; protect from intense midday sun; adjust placement based on seasonal light intensity.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Avoid direct afternoon sun; rotate pot for even growth; provide shade during peak summer heat.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter
Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom, allow soil to dry partially between waterings, and avoid waterlogging to prevent root rot.
Soil
well-draining, fertile soil with some organic matter
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure good drainage; avoid heavy clay soils; enrich with organic matter for better growth.
Temperature
Prefers warm temperatures (65–85°F or 18–29°C); tolerates mild frosts but thrives in heat; dormant in winter below 50°F (10°C).
Protect from frost; water early to avoid heat stress; adjust care based on seasonal temperature shifts.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during growing season
Dilute fertilizer to half strength; fertilize after watering to prevent root burn; stop feeding when plant is dormant.
Propagation
Methods
Division of rhizomes or seed propagation.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Divide rhizomes with a sharp, sterile knife.
- Plant seeds shallowly in pots.
- Keep moist and warm until germination.
Best Time: Spring, when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm (70–80°F), humid environment with indirect light; protect from drafts.
Medium
Well-draining potting mix with perlite or sand for rhizome division; seedlings require standard seed starting mix.
Hormone
Not necessary for rhizome division; optional for seeds to encourage germination.
Timeline
Rhizomes may produce new growth in 4–6 weeks; seeds take 1–3 months to germinate and several years to mature.
Tools Needed
Sharp knife, sterile cutting tools, pots, well-draining soil mix.
Quick Tips
Ensure each division has roots and buds; use bottom heat for seeds; avoid overwatering young plants.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Cut back yellowed or dead leaves at the base; avoid cutting into healthy growth.
Pruning Plan
Minimal pruning needed; remove dead or damaged foliage to maintain appearance and health.
Tools
Pruning shears or sharp scissors; sterilize tools before use.
Checklist
Remove dead foliage; sterilize tools; avoid over-pruning; clean up debris.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the active growing season begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter; ensure the new pot has drainage holes.
Method
Gently remove the plant, trim any dead roots, place in a slightly larger pot with fresh, well-draining soil, and water thoroughly.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound; necessary to refresh soil and provide space for growth.
Checklist
Choose appropriate pot size; use fresh soil mix; trim roots if necessary; water after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply; ensure proper drainage; adjust frequency by season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the base of the plant, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone without wetting the foliage; water early in the morning to minimize evaporation and allow leaves to dry.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once the soil surface is dry to the touch, typically every 7–10 days during active growth in spring and summer; reduce frequency to every 3–4 weeks in fall and winter when growth slows.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure soil is not compacted.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis or leaf drop in excessive heat; stunted growth or blackened foliage in cold stress.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth and may cause root damage; prolonged cold can lead to dormancy or death.
Solution: Move to a sheltered location or indoors below 50°F; use frost cloth for outdoor protection; ensure well-drained soil to prevent cold waterlogging.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause leaf scorch, wilting, or premature flowering; may reduce vigor if not watered adequately.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering frequency; use mulch to retain soil moisture; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use balanced fertilizer; dilute properly; apply during active growth; cease in winter.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced liquid fertilizer (10-10-10) every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer; avoid fertilizing in fall and winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicCats are highly sensitive to the calcium oxalate crystals present in Dracunculus vulgaris. Ingestion can result in severe oral and gastrointestinal irritation, with potential for systemic toxicity depending on the amount consumed. The plant's effects can be particularly distressing for feline physiology.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
ToxicIn dogs, ingestion of Dracunculus vulgaris can lead to significant irritation and inflammation of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract due to calcium oxalate crystals. The plant's toxins can cause distress and discomfort, potentially leading to systemic effects if large quantities are consumed.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
ToxicDracunculus vulgaris contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause severe irritation and swelling upon ingestion. The plant's toxic compounds interfere with normal physiological processes, particularly affecting the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Dracunculus vulgaris toxic to pets?
A: Yes, it is toxic to dogs and cats if ingested.
Q: What is the characteristic smell of Dracunculus vulgaris?
A: It emits a strong, unpleasant odor resembling rotting flesh to attract pollinators.
Q: How should I care for Dracunculus vulgaris?
A: Plant in well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade, water moderately, and protect from excessive moisture to prevent rot.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Araceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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