Thrips (leaf attackers)

Silvery streaks, distorted emerging leaves, and black specks (frass) on new growth. They hide in tight buds; shake-test over white paper helps reveal nymphs.

Fungus gnats (soil indicators)

Small black flies hovering on watering days; larvae feed in soggy media. Adults stick to yellow traps; problem eases as the top 2–3 cm dries between waterings.

Natural responses

  • For thrips: prune worst damage, rinse foliage, improve light/airflow; repeat gentle soap sprays on a weekly cadence.
  • For gnats: reduce watering, increase drainage and airflow, use sticky traps, and replace top layer with dry, mineral fraction.