African locust bean
parkia biglobosa
Also known as: ["néré","dika","iro"]
Overview
A large deciduous tree native to West Africa, valued for its edible seeds and traditional uses.
Benefits & Perks
["edible fruits","medicinal use","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","drought tolerant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | Parkia |
| Botanical Name: | Parkia biglobosa |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Trees
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden in tropical or subtropical regions
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"20–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining loamy soil with added organic matter like compost.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: Annually in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of old growth to rejuvenate the plant.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun to partial shade (4–6 hours of direct sunlight daily); tolerates some shade in hotter climates.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to intense sunlight to avoid scorching; provide afternoon shade in hot regions; adjust indoor placement to mimic natural light patterns.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plant for even light exposure; use sheer curtains to filter intense sun; avoid sudden light changes.
Watering
every 7–10 days during growing season, reduce in winter
Water thoroughly until runoff, allow soil to dry between waterings, and avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal issues.
Soil
well-draining, loamy soil with moderate organic content
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure pots have drainage holes; avoid compacted soil; test pH periodically.
Temperature
Thrives in warm temperatures (65–85°F / 18–29°C); prefers stable conditions with slight seasonal variation.
Avoid placing near drafty windows or heating vents; maintain consistent temperatures; adjust care based on seasonal changes.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during active growth
Fertilize only when actively growing; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; use organic options like compost for slow release.
Propagation
Methods
Seed propagation is most common; stem cuttings can also be used for some varieties.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Prepare medium.
- Plant seeds or cuttings.
- Maintain consistent moisture and warmth.
- Transplant once established.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when temperatures are warm and humidity is moderate.
Environment
Warm (75–85°F / 24–29°C), humid (60–70%), and bright indirect light with some air circulation.
Medium
Well-draining seed starting mix or a mix of peat and perlite for cuttings.
Hormone
Rooting hormone is optional for cuttings but recommended for faster root development.
Timeline
Seeds may take 2–4 weeks to germinate; cuttings typically root in 4–8 weeks and establish in 3–6 months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, propagation tray, humidity dome, well-draining medium.
Quick Tips
Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; provide bottom heat for faster germination; avoid disturbing roots during early growth.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Selective thinning of branches, heading back to encourage bushier growth, and removal of crossing or crowded stems.
Pruning Plan
Prune to maintain shape, remove dead or diseased wood, and encourage airflow and light penetration.
Tools
Pruning shears, loppers, saw (for larger branches), disinfectant for tools.
Checklist
Disinfect tools; prune during dormancy; make clean cuts just above buds or branches; remove dead/diseased wood first.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before active growth begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter; ensure good drainage holes.
Method
Remove plant gently, trim roots if necessary, place in a slightly larger pot with fresh soil, and water thoroughly.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; beneficial for young plants to support growth.
Checklist
Check root bound status; prepare new pot with drainage; trim damaged roots; use fresh soil mix; water after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust frequency seasonally.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone, ensuring even moisture penetration to a depth of 6–8 inches. Ensure excess water drains away to prevent waterlogging, and water in the morning to minimize evaporation and fungal growth.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once a week during the growing season (spring to early fall); reduce frequency to every 2–3 weeks in winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; use mulch to retain moisture and improve structure.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Yellowing leaves, wilting, or leaf drop in extreme cold; scorching or stunted growth in excessive heat.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth and may cause leaf drop or dormancy; prolonged cold can damage roots and lead to dieback.
Solution: Protect from frost with mulch or frost cloth; move potted plants indoors during cold snaps; ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal issues.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause leaf scorch, wilting, and reduced flowering; may lead to dehydration if water demand exceeds supply.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering frequency; use mulch to retain soil moisture; mist foliage in extreme heat.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check growth phase before fertilizing; use correct dilution; apply evenly around root zone; avoid contact with stems.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer (10-10-10 NPK) in spring and early summer; dilute liquid fertilizer to half-strength if used monthly during growing season; avoid fertilizing in winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Non-toxicParkia biglobosa is generally considered non-toxic to cats. There are no significant reports of adverse effects when ingested in small quantities. The plant does not contain known toxins harmful to felines.
⚡ Toxic If:
not typically toxic
Dogs
Non-toxicParkia biglobosa is generally considered non-toxic to dogs. There are no significant reports of adverse effects when ingested in small quantities. The plant does not contain known toxins harmful to canines.
⚡ Toxic If:
not typically toxic
Humans
Slightly ToxicParkia biglobosa, commonly known as the African locust bean tree, contains compounds that can cause mild gastrointestinal distress when consumed in excessive amounts. The seeds and pulp are the primary toxic parts, containing saponins and other bioactive compounds that may irritate the digestive tract.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten in large quantities
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the African locust bean used for?
A: The seeds are used to produce a fermented condiment called 'douchi' or 'soumbala,' and the tree has medicinal and timber uses.
Q: Is Parkia biglobosa suitable for urban planting?
A: Yes, it is drought-tolerant and can thrive in urban environments with sufficient space.
Q: Does the tree attract wildlife?
A: Yes, it attracts bees, butterflies, and birds due to its flowers and fruits.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during growi |
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