Canary Island Holly
ilex canariensis
Also known as: ["Canary Holly","Holly of the Canaries"]
Overview
A species of holly native to the Canary Islands, characterized by its glossy, spiny leaves and small white flowers followed by red berries.
Benefits & Perks
["aesthetic foliage","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Aquifoliales |
| Family: | Aquifoliaceae |
| Genus: | Ilex |
| Botanical Name: | Ilex canariensis |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Trees
- Suitable Location: indoor pot in bright, indirect light or outdoor sheltered spot
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–25°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining potting mix with added organic matter like compost or peat moss.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: Annually in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of old growth if needed.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright indirect light for 6–8 hours daily; tolerates partial shade, especially in hot climates.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to intense light; protect from direct midday sun to prevent scorching; adjust indoor placement to mimic natural dappled light.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
partial shade to full sun with protection from intense afternoon sun
Rotate plant weekly for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter harsh sunlight; avoid placing near south-facing windows in summer.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reducing to every 14–21 days in winter
Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom, allow soil to dry slightly between waterings, avoid letting the plant sit in water.
Soil
well-draining, acidic to neutral potting mix with added organic matter
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 5.5–7.0).
Ensure pots have drainage holes; avoid compacted soil; top-dress with compost annually.
Temperature
Prefers 60–75°F (15–24°C); tolerates cooler temperatures but avoid frost; prefers stable conditions, avoiding extreme fluctuations.
Avoid placing near drafty windows or vents; maintain consistent room temperature; protect from sudden temperature swings.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer with balanced liquid fertilizer
Apply fertilizer after watering to prevent root burn; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; reduce frequency in dormant periods.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings taken from semi-hardwood growth.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take 4–6 inch cuttings, remove lower leaves, dip in hormone, plant in medium, maintain humidity, wait for roots.
Best Time: Late spring to early summer when new growth is developing.
Environment
High humidity (70–90%), warm temperatures (70–75°F), indirect light.
Medium
Peat-based mix with perlite or sand for good drainage.
Hormone
Recommended to use rooting hormone powder for better success.
Timeline
Roots may develop in 4–8 weeks; establish in new pot after 3–6 months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, plastic bags or propagator, misting bottle.
Quick Tips
Use healthy, disease-free cuttings; maintain consistent moisture; provide bottom heat for faster rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Selective thinning, heading back to promote branching, shaping cuts to maintain form.
Pruning Plan
Shape the plant, encourage bushier growth, remove dead or diseased wood, maintain aesthetic form.
Tools
Sharp bypass pruners, pruning saw for larger branches, sterilizing solution.
Checklist
Sterilize tools, prune during dormancy, make clean cuts, dispose of clippings properly.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before active growth starts.
Pot Size
Choose a pot 1–2 inches larger in diameter than the current one.
Method
Remove plant gently, trim roots if crowded, place in new pot with fresh soil, water lightly.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; necessary to refresh soil and provide space.
Checklist
Prepare new pot, check root health, use fresh soil mix, water after repotting, place in shade for a few days.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture, water thoroughly, ensure proper drainage, adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water at the base of the plant, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone; water early in the day to minimize evaporation and allow foliage to dry.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once the top inch of soil feels dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; use pine bark fines for aeration.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Leaf drop, yellowing, or browning edges; stunted growth or bud drop in extreme conditions.
Cold Stress
Slows growth, may cause leaf discoloration or drop; prolonged exposure can lead to dieback or death.
Solution: Move to a warmer location; provide insulation with mulch or frost cloth; avoid cold drafts or sudden temperature drops.
Hot Stress
Wilting, leaf scorch, or premature leaf drop; reduced vigor and flowering.
Solution: Increase humidity with misting or pebble trays; provide shade during peak heat; ensure adequate watering.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check season, dilute correctly, water before fertilizing, avoid contact with stems/leaves.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during growing season (spring to early fall); avoid fertilizing in winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicIlex canariensis is toxic to cats, with the berries and leaves posing significant risks. Ingestion can result in severe gastrointestinal upset and neurological symptoms, requiring immediate veterinary intervention.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
ToxicThe berries and leaves of Ilex canariensis are toxic to dogs, causing adverse gastrointestinal and neurological effects. The plant's toxic compounds can lead to severe discomfort and potential systemic issues in canines.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
ToxicIlex canariensis, commonly known as the Canary Island holly, contains toxic compounds that can cause significant physiological distress upon ingestion. The berries and leaves are particularly hazardous, leading to gastrointestinal and neurological effects.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Ilex canariensis suitable for indoor cultivation?
A: While it can be grown indoors, it thrives best in outdoor conditions with ample sunlight and space.
Q: Are the berries of Ilex canariensis edible?
A: The berries are mildly toxic to humans and should not be consumed.
Q: How often should Ilex canariensis be watered?
A: Water moderately, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings; avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Aquifoliaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | partial shade to full sun with |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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