Snake Tree
berchemia zeyheri
Also known as: ["Red Ivory Tree","Mvundla"]
Overview
A deciduous tree native to southern Africa, known for its attractive red fruits and hard wood.
Benefits & Perks
["edible fruits","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","drought tolerant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rhamnaceae |
| Genus: | Berchemia |
| Botanical Name: | Berchemia zeyheri |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Trees
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden in a sunny, sheltered spot
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent root rot.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, slightly acidic to neutral soil mix; a cactus or succulent mix amended with organic matter works well.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: Light pruning can be done as needed throughout the growing season; major pruning should be done annually in late winter or early spring.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of the oldest stems to rejuvenate growth; avoid heavy pruning unles
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright, indirect sunlight for 6–8 hours daily; can tolerate some direct morning sun but should be protected from harsh afternoon sun, especially in summer.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate the plant gradually to direct sunlight if moving from indoors; protect from intense midday sun to prevent leaf scorch; adjust placement based on seasonal light intensity.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun
Rotate the plant weekly for even light exposure; use sheer curtains to filter harsh sunlight; place near an east-facing window for optimal light.
Watering
every 7–10 days during growing season, reduce in winter
Water thoroughly but infrequently to encourage deep root growth; allow soil to dry out between waterings; avoid overwatering, especially in winter.
Soil
well-draining, loamy soil with some sand
pH: 6.0–7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral).
Use a mix designed for succulents or cacti; ensure pots have drainage holes; avoid heavy clay soils; check moisture before watering.
Temperature
Prefers temperatures between 60–85°F (15–29°C); can tolerate brief periods down to 50°F (10°C) but should be protected from frost.
Monitor temperature fluctuations; protect from frost; adjust watering during heatwaves; maintain consistent temperatures for optimal growth.
Fertilizing
every 2 months during active growth
Fertilize only during active growth; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; use a fertilizer with micronutrients for best results.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings are the most reliable method; seeds can also be used but may take longer to germinate.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take a 4–6 inch stem cutting.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Dip in rooting hormone.
- Plant in propagation medium.
- Keep moist and humid.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing; avoid propagating during dormancy.
Environment
High humidity (70–80%), warm temperatures (70–80°F or 21–27°C), and bright, indirect light.
Medium
Well-draining mix of perlite, sand, and peat moss; can also use a cactus or succulent potting mix.
Hormone
Rooting hormone is recommended to improve success rates, especially for stem cuttings.
Timeline
Stem cuttings may root in 4–8 weeks under ideal conditions; seed germination can take several weeks to months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, propagation tray, humidity dome, well-draining medium.
Quick Tips
Use healthy, non-flowering stems; maintain consistent moisture; provide bottom heat if possible; avoid direct sunlight during rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Use clean, sharp tools; make cuts just above a leaf node or branch junction; remove crossing or crowded branches to improve air circulation.
Pruning Plan
Prune to maintain shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or diseased branches; also prune to control size if needed.
Tools
Pruning shears, loppers (for larger branches), sterilizing solution (e.g., rubbing alcohol).
Checklist
Sterilize tools before and after use; prune during dormancy or early growth phase; remove dead or diseased wood first; shape the plant gradually.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring, just before the growing season begins, to allow the plant to recover quickly.
Pot Size
Choose a pot one size larger than the current one (e.g., 2–3 inches wider in diameter); ensure it has drainage holes.
Method
Remove the plant gently; trim any dead or circling roots; place in a new pot with fresh, well-draining soil; water thoroughly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound; also repot if the soil has degraded or drainage has become poor.
Checklist
Use fresh potting mix; ensure proper drainage; handle roots carefully; water after repotting; avoid fertilizing for a few weeks.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply at the base; ensure proper drainage; adjust frequency by season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone until water drains from the bottom of the pot; ensure even moisture without waterlogging; water in the morning to allow foliage to dry during the day.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once every 7–14 days during active growth in spring and summer; reduce frequency to once a month or less in fall and winter when the plant is dormant. Adjust based on rainfall and soil dryness.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand to improve drainage; incorporate compost or peat moss for organic matter; ensure the mix is loose and airy.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Leaf drop, yellowing, or wilting in response to extreme cold or heat; slowed growth or bud drop during temperature stress.
Cold Stress
Prolonged exposure to temperatures below 50°F (10°C) can cause root damage, leaf drop, and stunted growth; frost can be lethal.
Solution: Move the plant indoors or to a sheltered location before temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C); provide a heat source if necessary; avoid placing near drafty windows or doors.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat above 90°F (32°C) can lead to leaf scorch, wilting, and dehydration; may also cause the plant to go into temporary dormancy.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase humidity around the plant; water more frequently but ensure proper drainage; avoid placing in direct afternoon sun.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use diluted fertilizer; fertilize during growing season only; avoid over-fertilization; flush soil periodically.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer; avoid fertilizing in fall and winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Slightly ToxicCats may experience mild gastrointestinal issues if they consume the seeds or berries of Berchemia zeyheri. The toxicity is not severe but can cause discomfort.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
Slightly ToxicIngestion of the seeds and berries by dogs can lead to mild gastrointestinal upset. The compounds present are not highly toxic but can cause discomfort.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
Slightly ToxicThe seeds and berries of Berchemia zeyheri contain compounds that can cause mild gastrointestinal distress when ingested in significant quantities. The physiological impact is primarily localized to the digestive system.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is the fruit of Berchemia zeyheri edible?
A: Yes, the red fruits are edible and often eaten by wildlife and humans.
Q: How tall does the Snake Tree grow?
A: It can grow up to 15 meters tall in favorable conditions.
Q: Is Berchemia zeyheri suitable for drought-prone areas?
A: Yes, it is drought-tolerant and well-suited for arid regions.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Rhamnaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during growi |
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