Monkey Puzzle Tree
araucaria araucana
Also known as: ["Pehuén","Monkey Tail Tree"]
Overview
A slow-growing, long-lived conifer native to the Andes, characterized by its distinctive symmetrical, spiky foliage and columnar form.
Benefits & Perks
["long-flowering","disease resistant","cold hardy","aesthetic foliage","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Araucariaceae |
| Genus: | Araucaria |
| Botanical Name: | Araucaria araucana |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Trees
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden in a sheltered spot with protection from strong winds
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"–15–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"7–9"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, slightly acidic to neutral soil mix with organic matter and sand or perlite.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: low
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, typically every 2–3 years or after significant growth.
- Pruning Intensity: Light to moderate, avoiding heavy pruning which can stress the plant.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun to bright indirect light, 6–8 hours daily. Tolerates partial shade but may stretch.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to intense sunlight; protect from harsh midday sun; indoors, place near a south-facing window with sheer curtains.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun
Rotate plant monthly for even growth; avoid direct afternoon sun in summer; adjust light based on season.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter
Allow soil to dry partially between waterings; avoid waterlogging; water less in winter.
Soil
well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soil
pH: 6.0–7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral).
Use a cactus or succulent mix as a base; avoid heavy clay soils; ensure consistent moisture without saturation.
Temperature
Prefers 50–70°F (10–21°C); tolerates cooler temperatures but avoid frost. Protect from extreme heat above 80°F (27°C).
Protect from frost; avoid sudden temperature swings; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing
every 2 months during spring and summer
Fertilize only during active growth; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; use a balanced formula.
Propagation
Methods
Seed or cuttings from young shoots. Seeds are more reliable for home growers.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Prepare medium.
- Plant seeds or cuttings.
- Maintain humidity.
- Provide warmth.
- Monitor for roots.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when temperatures are mild and growth is active.
Environment
Warm (65–75°F), high humidity (70–80%), and bright indirect light.
Medium
Well-draining mix of peat, perlite, and sand or cactus mix.
Hormone
Optional but recommended for cuttings to improve rooting success.
Timeline
Seeds: 3–6 months to germinate; cuttings: 4–8 weeks to root, 6–12 months to establish.
Tools Needed
Seed trays, rooting hormone, misting spray bottle, heat mat, plastic wrap.
Quick Tips
Use fresh seeds for best germination; keep cuttings moist but not waterlogged; provide bottom heat for faster rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Selective removal of weak or crossing branches; pinch back new growth to encourage bushiness.
Pruning Plan
Minimal pruning to maintain shape and remove dead/damaged growth. Focus on structural integrity.
Tools
Pruning shears, loppers, gloves, disinfectant.
Checklist
Disinfect tools; prune during dormancy; remove dead/diseased wood; shape evenly.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before new growth begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter; avoid oversized pots.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim roots if necessary; use fresh well-draining soil; ensure drainage holes are clear.
Suggestions
Repot every 3–5 years or when roots fill the pot. Araucaria araucana prefers being slightly root-bound.
Checklist
Check root boundness; prepare new pot; trim roots; use fresh soil; water lightly after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust seasonally.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water thoroughly at the root zone until water drains from the bottom, ensuring even moisture without saturation. Water early in the day to minimize evaporation.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once every 1–2 weeks during active growth, reducing frequency to once a month in winter. Adjust based on rainfall and soil dryness.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure pots have drainage holes.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis, leaf drop, stunted growth, or browning leaf tips.
Cold Stress
Leaves may turn brown or drop; growth halts; risk of root rot if soil stays wet in cold.
Solution: Move to a sheltered location; insulate roots with mulch; ensure soil is not overly wet.
Hot Stress
Wilting, leaf scorch, or premature leaf drop; reduced vigor.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase humidity; water more frequently but avoid waterlogging.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check season; dilute fertilizer; apply to moist soil; avoid contact with roots.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer. Avoid fertilizing in fall and winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicCats are also at risk if they ingest the seeds or nuts of Araucaria araucana. The toxic compounds can cause severe gastrointestinal distress and other adverse effects, requiring prompt veterinary intervention.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
ToxicDogs are susceptible to the toxic effects of Araucaria araucana seeds and nuts, which can lead to gastrointestinal upset and other systemic reactions. The toxic compounds can cause significant discomfort and potential health risks.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
ToxicThe seeds and nuts of Araucaria araucana contain toxic compounds that can cause gastrointestinal distress and other systemic effects upon ingestion. The toxicity is primarily due to the presence of saponins and other alkaloids.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is the Monkey Puzzle Tree suitable for small gardens?
A: No, due to its large size and slow growth, it is best suited for spacious landscapes.
Q: How often should I water an Araucaria araucana?
A: Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings.
Q: Does the Monkey Puzzle Tree produce edible fruits?
A: The seeds (pine nuts) are edible but require careful preparation and are not commonly consumed.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Araucariaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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