Garden Pea
pisum sativum
Also known as: ["Garden Pea","English Pea","Garden Pea"]
Overview
An annual herbaceous plant cultivated for its edible seeds (peas) and pods.
Benefits & Perks
["edible fruits","fast growing","disease resistant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | Pisum |
| Botanical Name: | Pisum sativum |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Vegetables
- Suitable Location: garden bed or container with support for climbing
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"5–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"3–9"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Well-draining to fast-draining.
- Soil Type: Loamy, well-draining soil with added organic matter.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: As needed throughout the growing season.
- Pruning Intensity: Light to moderate.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun (6–8 hours of direct sunlight per day). Adjust to partial shade in extreme heat to prevent scorching.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate seedlings gradually to full sun to avoid shock. Provide shade during peak afternoon heat in hot climates. Rotate plants regularly for even light exposure.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
easyeasy
Sunlight
full sun
Use shade cloth in intense summer heat; avoid planting in deep shade; ensure unobstructed sunlight exposure.
Watering
every 3–5 days during active growth, less frequently in dormant periods
Water at the base of the plant to avoid foliage disease; ensure soil is moist but not waterlogged; cease watering once pods are mature to prevent splitting.
Soil
well-drained, loamy soil with moderate organic matter
pH: 6.0–7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral).
Ensure soil is loose and crumbly; avoid compacted soil; maintain consistent moisture levels.
Temperature
Optimal range: 55–75°F (13–24°C). Tolerates cooler temperatures but requires warmth for germination and flowering.
Use frost protection in early/late seasons; water deeply during heat waves; avoid planting in frost-prone areas.
Fertilizing
every 2–3 weeks during active growth with balanced liquid fertilizer
Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers to prevent excessive foliage growth at the expense of pods; side-dress with compost instead of synthetic fertilizers for organic growth.
Propagation
Methods
Seed propagation is the primary method for Pisum sativum.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Sow seeds 1–2 inches deep, 2–3 inches apart.
- Thin seedlings to 4–6 inches apart.
- Provide support for climbing varieties.
Best Time: Plant seeds in early spring as soon as soil can be worked, or in late summer for a fall crop in mild climates.
Environment
Full sun, well-drained soil, and consistent moisture for optimal germination and growth.
Medium
Well-draining garden soil or seed-starting mix; no special medium required for direct sowing.
Hormone
Not applicable for seed propagation.
Timeline
Germination in 7–14 days; harvest in 60–80 days depending on variety.
Tools Needed
Garden trowel, support stakes or trellis, water source.
Quick Tips
Soak seeds overnight for faster germination; plant in pairs to ensure germination success; use inoculant for nitrogen fixation.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Remove yellowing or damaged leaves; trim back excessive lateral growth to improve air circulation.
Pruning Plan
Minimal pruning required; focus on removing dead or diseased foliage and providing support for climbing varieties.
Tools
Pruning shears, gloves.
Checklist
Inspect for disease; remove dead growth; trim for support access; clean tools after use.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
N/A
Pot Size
N/A
Method
N/A
Suggestions
Not applicable for Pisum sativum, as it is typically grown as an annual in garden beds or large containers.
Checklist
N/A
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water early morning; avoid wetting foliage; ensure drainage.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone to a depth of 6–8 inches, ensuring even moisture distribution. Water early in the morning to minimize evaporation and fungal growth. Allow excess water to drain away to prevent root rot.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply 1–2 times per week during vegetative growth, increasing to 2–3 times per week during flowering and pod development. Reduce watering in cooler weather or after harvest.
Soil Improvement
Add compost or well-rotted manure to enhance fertility and drainage; incorporate perlite or sand in heavy clay soils.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis or wilting in extreme heat; stunted growth or failure to flower in cold conditions.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth, delay flowering, and can cause irreversible damage to young plants or developing pods.
Solution: Use row covers or cold frames to protect young plants; choose cold-tolerant varieties; avoid planting in late fall or early spring in cold regions.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause flowers to drop, reduce pod set, and lead to premature pod drying.
Solution: Provide afternoon shade; maintain consistent soil moisture; mulch to keep roots cool; harvest pods promptly.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use balanced fertilizer; apply during active growth; avoid over-fertilization; stop after pod development.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (10-10-10) every 3–4 weeks during active growth. Reduce or stop fertilizing once pods mature.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Non-toxicPisum sativum is not toxic to cats. While not a typical part of a cat's diet, peas are not harmful and can be given in small quantities as a treat.
⚡ Toxic If:
None
Dogs
Non-toxicPisum sativum is not toxic to dogs. Peas are often included in commercial dog foods as a source of protein and fiber. They are safe for dogs to consume in moderation.
⚡ Toxic If:
None
Humans
Non-toxicPisum sativum, commonly known as garden pea, is a widely cultivated and consumed vegetable that is generally considered non-toxic to humans. It is a rich source of nutrients and is safe for consumption when properly prepared.
⚡ Toxic If:
None
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How do I grow peas from seeds?
A: Sow seeds directly into well-drained soil in early spring, spacing them 2-3 inches apart in rows 18-24 inches apart.
Q: Do peas need support?
A: Yes, most pea varieties benefit from a trellis or support structure to climb.
Q: Can I eat the pods?
A: While the peas are edible, the pods of most garden pea varieties are tough and not typically eaten.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Care: | easy |
| Light: | full sun |
| Water: | every 3–5 days during active |
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