Yacon
smallanthus sonchifolius
Also known as: ["Peruvian ground apple","llancahua","jicama de Peru"]
Overview
A perennial herbaceous plant native to the Andes, known for its sweet, edible tuberous roots and large, lobed leaves.
Benefits & Perks
["edible fruits","medicinal use","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Smallanthus |
| Botanical Name: | Smallanthus sonchifolius |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Herbs & Weeds
- Suitable Location: raised beds or containers in a sheltered, partially shaded spot
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"8–10"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Well-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Rich, well-draining potting mix with organic matter like compost or peat moss.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: Light pruning can be done as needed; major pruning in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
- Pruning Intensity: Light to moderate; avoid heavy pruning unless necessary to control size or shape.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright indirect light for 6–8 hours daily; adjust to partial shade during peak summer to prevent leaf scorch.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually to intense sunlight; provide shade during hottest parts of the day; monitor for signs of sunburn or wilting.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
partial shade to full sun with protection from intense afternoon sun
Rotate plant weekly for even light exposure; use sheer curtains to filter direct sun; avoid placing near west-facing windows in summer.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter
Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom; allow soil to dry slightly between waterings; avoid overwatering.
Soil
rich, well-draining, organic soil with added compost
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Use a mix with good aeration; avoid heavy clay soils; check drainage before planting.
Temperature
Prefers 60–75°F (15–24°C); tolerates mild frosts but thrives in moderate temperatures.
Protect from frost; maintain moderate temperatures; adjust watering for heat or cold.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during growing season with balanced liquid fertilizer
Apply fertilizer after watering to prevent root burn; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; avoid fertilizing newly repotted plants for 4–6 weeks.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or division of rhizomes; stem cuttings are more common for home growers.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take a 4–6 inch cutting with at least 2 nodes.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Dip in rooting hormone (optional).
- Plant in moist medium.
- Keep warm and humid.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm, humid environment with indirect light; maintain consistent moisture.
Medium
Well-draining potting mix with perlite or sand; can also root in water initially.
Hormone
Rooting hormone is optional but recommended for faster rooting.
Timeline
Roots may develop in 3–6 weeks; new growth may take 2–4 months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, well-draining mix, plastic wrap or propagator.
Quick Tips
Use sterile tools to prevent disease; maintain high humidity for cuttings; avoid direct sun during rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Pinch back tips to encourage branching; trim leggy stems; remove yellow or dead leaves.
Pruning Plan
Prune to maintain shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or diseased foliage.
Tools
Pruning shears, sharp scissors, gloves.
Checklist
Sanitize tools; prune dead/diseased parts; shape as desired; avoid over-pruning.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before active growth starts.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 1–2 inches in diameter; ensure good drainage holes.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim any circling roots; place in a slightly larger pot with fresh soil; water thoroughly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; beneficial for root health and growth.
Checklist
Choose appropriate pot size; prepare fresh soil mix; handle roots carefully; water after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone, ensuring even moisture distribution; water early in the morning to reduce evaporation; ensure excess water drains away to prevent waterlogging.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once the top inch of soil feels dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure soil is loose and airy.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis, leaf drop, or stunted growth in extreme heat or cold; wilting or browning leaf edges.
Cold Stress
Slows growth, may cause leaf discoloration, and can lead to root damage if temperatures drop below 28°F (-2°C).
Solution: Provide frost protection with mulch or row covers; move potted plants indoors during freezes; avoid overwatering in cold conditions.
Hot Stress
Leaves may wilt, curl, or develop brown spots; growth may slow due to excessive transpiration.
Solution: Increase humidity with misting or pebble trays; provide shade during peak heat; water more frequently but avoid waterlogging.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check fertilizer type; dilute correctly; apply during active growth; avoid winter feeding.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during growing season (spring/summer); reduce or stop in fall/winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Non-toxicYacon is not known to be toxic to cats. The plant's tuberous roots are safe for feline consumption in moderation.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic
Dogs
Non-toxicYacon is not known to be toxic to dogs. The plant's tuberous roots are safe for canine consumption in moderation.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic
Humans
Non-toxicSmallanthus sonchifolius, commonly known as yacon, is generally considered non-toxic to humans. It is cultivated for its edible tuberous roots, which are consumed as a healthy alternative to traditional root vegetables.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is yacon root edible?
A: Yes, the tuberous roots are edible and often consumed raw or cooked.
Q: Does yacon attract wildlife?
A: Yes, it attracts bees, butterflies, and birds due to its flowering nature.
Q: Is yacon easy to grow?
A: It has moderate care difficulty, requiring well-drained soil and partial shade.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | partial shade to full sun with |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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