Cucumber
cucumis sativus
Also known as: ["Gherkin","Slicer","Pickler"]
Overview
A widely cultivated vine in the Cucurbitaceae family, known for its edible fruit used in salads and pickling.
Benefits & Perks
["edible fruits","fast growing","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Cucurbitales |
| Family: | Cucurbitaceae |
| Genus: | Cucumis |
| Botanical Name: | Cucumis sativus |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Vegetables
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden bed in full sun
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"15–32°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"4–9"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, fertile soil with organic matter; a mix of compost, peat moss, and perlite works well.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: As needed throughout the growing season; more frequently during active growth.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove overcrowded or weak stems, but avoid excessive pruning that could reduce fruit yiel
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun (6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily); adjust for extreme heat by providing partial shade during peak afternoon hours.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually to full sun if moved from shade; avoid sudden exposure to intense sunlight to prevent scorching; provide shade cloth or partial shade in extremely hot climates.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
easyeasy
Sunlight
full sun
Rotate plants for even light exposure; use reflective mulch to enhance light reflection; monitor for signs of sunburn.
Watering
every 3–5 days, more frequently in hot weather
Water consistently to avoid stress; ensure soil dries slightly between waterings; prioritize deep watering over frequent shallow watering.
Soil
well-draining, fertile loamy soil
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure soil is loose and crumbly; avoid compacted soil; test pH periodically.
Temperature
Optimal range: 65–85°F (18–29°C); prefers warm conditions; sensitive to frost; may slow growth in temperatures below 60°F (15°C).
Avoid planting in frost-prone areas; use shade cloth in hot climates; monitor nighttime temperatures for frost risk.
Fertilizing
every 2 weeks during active growth with balanced liquid fertilizer
Apply fertilizer at half-strength during initial growth; water before fertilizing to prevent root burn; flush soil occasionally to remove excess salts.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or seeds; stem cuttings are faster and more reliable for home growers.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take a 4–6 inch cutting just below a node.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Dip in rooting hormone.
- Plant in moist medium.
- Maintain humidity and warmth.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when temperatures are warm and growth is active.
Environment
Warm (70–80°F or 21–27°C), humid environment with indirect light; protect from drafts.
Medium
Well-draining potting mix (e.g., peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite blend) or perlite and sand mixture.
Hormone
Rooting hormone is recommended to speed up root development.
Timeline
Roots typically develop in 1–3 weeks; plants can be transplanted in 4–6 weeks.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, well-draining medium, plastic wrap or propagator.
Quick Tips
Use healthy, non-flowering stems for cuttings; maintain consistent moisture; provide bottom heat if possible.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Pinch back tips to encourage bushier growth; remove lateral shoots selectively to focus energy on main stems and fruit.
Pruning Plan
Prune to improve air circulation, direct growth, and encourage fruit production; remove dead or diseased foliage as needed.
Tools
Pruning shears, gloves, disinfectant for tools.
Checklist
Disinfect tools; prune during dry conditions; remove dead or diseased growth first; make clean cuts just above a node.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the active growing season begins.
Pot Size
Choose a pot 1–2 inches larger in diameter than the current one; ensure good drainage holes.
Method
Gently remove the plant; trim any circling roots; place in a new pot with fresh soil; water thoroughly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot if roots are crowded or if the plant becomes pot-bound; typically every 1–2 years for container-grown plants.
Checklist
Select appropriate pot size; prepare fresh soil mix; handle roots gently; water after repotting; place in appropriate light.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture daily; water deeply; ensure proper drainage; avoid wetting leaves.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water at the base of the plant, avoiding foliage; apply until water drains from the bottom; ensure even moisture distribution around roots; water early in the morning to minimize evaporation.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once the top inch of soil feels dry; increase frequency in hot weather or during fruit development; reduce watering in cooler months or if soil remains moist.
Soil Improvement
Add compost or well-rotted manure to enhance fertility; incorporate perlite or sand for better drainage; use mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis or wilting in cold; leaf scorch or blossom drop in excessive heat; stunted growth in temperature extremes.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth, reduce photosynthesis, and can lead to tissue damage or death in severe cases.
Solution: Use row covers or cloches for protection; plant in a sheltered location; avoid watering in cold temperatures to prevent root rot.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause wilting, flower abortion, and reduced fruit set; may lead to sunburn on leaves and fruit.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; water deeply and frequently; use mulch to retain soil moisture; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use balanced fertilizer; dilute as recommended; apply during active growth; avoid contact with leaves.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 2–3 weeks during active growth; reduce or stop fertilizing in late summer/early fall; avoid over-fertilizing to prevent salt buildup.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Non-toxicCucumis sativus is not toxic to cats. It can be offered to cats in small amounts as a treat, though it is not a necessary part of their diet.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic
Dogs
Non-toxicCucumis sativus is not toxic to dogs. It can be given to dogs in moderation as a healthy snack, providing hydration and some vitamins.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic
Humans
Non-toxicCucumis sativus, commonly known as cucumber, is widely consumed as a food and is generally considered non-toxic to humans. It is a staple in many diets and is known for its hydrating properties and nutritional benefits.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How often should I water cucumber plants?
A: Cucumber plants require consistent moisture, so water deeply once or twice a week, depending on weather conditions.
Q: Do cucumber plants need full sun?
A: Yes, cucumber plants thrive in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Q: Can I grow cucumbers in containers?
A: Yes, cucumbers can be grown in containers, provided the container is large enough (at least 5 gallons) and has good drainage.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Cucurbitaceae |
| Care: | easy |
| Light: | full sun |
| Water: | every 3–5 days, more frequen |
Get Expert Care Tips
Download the Plantious app for personalized care reminders and plant identification!
Google Play App Store
