Joint Fir, Mormon Tea
ephedra major
Also known as: ["Ephedra nevadensis","Ephedra viridis"]
Overview
A drought-tolerant gymnosperm shrub with jointed stems and small scale-like leaves, native to arid regions.
Benefits & Perks
["drought tolerant","shade tolerant","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Gnetaophyta |
| Class: | Gnetopsida |
| Order: | Gnetales |
| Family: | Ephedraceae |
| Genus: | Ephedra |
| Botanical Name: | Ephedra major |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Shrubs
- Suitable Location: rock gardens, xeriscapes, or arid landscapes
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"−10–40°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"7–10"}
- Misting: rarely required, as it is adapted to arid conditions
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, sandy, or gritty soil with some organic matter.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: very low
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, typically every 1–2 years or after flowering.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of old growth if necessary.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun (6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily); adjust to partial shade in extreme summer heat.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually if moving from shade to sun; protect from intense midday sun in summer; place in the brightest location indoors.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
easymoderate
Sunlight
full sun
Use sheer curtains to filter harsh sun; rotate plant for even light exposure; avoid sudden light changes.
Watering
every 2–3 weeks, allowing soil to dry completely between waterings
Water deeply but infrequently; ensure excellent drainage; avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
Soil
well-draining, sandy or gravelly soil
pH: Slightly alkaline to neutral (pH 7.0–7.5).
Use a cactus or succulent mix as a base; ensure pots have drainage holes; avoid heavy clay soils.
Temperature
Warm to hot temperatures (65–90°F or 18–32°C); tolerates mild frosts but prefers warmth.
Avoid drafty areas; protect from frost; maintain consistent warmth during active growth.
Fertilizing
rarely required, if at all, due to its low nutrient needs
Fertilize only when actively growing; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; use a cactus-specific fertilizer if available.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or division; stem cuttings are more common for home growers.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take a healthy stem cutting.
- Let it callus for a few days.
- Plant in propagation medium.
- Keep moist but not waterlogged.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm, humid environment with indirect light; maintain consistent warmth (70–75°F or 21–24°C).
Medium
Well-draining mix of sand, perlite, and a small amount of peat or cactus mix.
Hormone
Rooting hormone is optional but recommended for faster rooting.
Timeline
Roots may develop in 4–8 weeks; establish in new pot after 3–6 months.
Tools Needed
Sharp, sterile knife or scissors, rooting hormone (optional), small pots, well-draining medium.
Quick Tips
Use sterile tools to prevent disease; keep cuttings out of direct sun; maintain humidity with a plastic cover.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Cut stems back to a healthy bud or branch junction; avoid cutting into old wood.
Pruning Plan
Prune to maintain shape, remove dead or damaged stems, and encourage bushier growth.
Tools
Pruning shears, sterilized knife, gloves.
Checklist
Sterilize tools; prune in active growth phase; remove dead/damaged stems; shape as desired.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the active growing season begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 1–2 inches (2.5–5 cm) in diameter.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim any dead roots; repot in fresh, well-draining soil with a slightly larger pot.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; only repot if necessary to refresh soil or accommodate growth.
Checklist
Check root bound status; use fresh soil; ensure good drainage; water lightly after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil dryness; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone until water drains from the bottom; ensure excess water is removed to prevent waterlogging; water early in the day to minimize evaporation.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water sparingly, allowing soil to dry completely between waterings. Reduce watering significantly in winter to match dormancy.
Soil Improvement
Add coarse sand, perlite, or pumice to improve drainage; incorporate compost for organic matter.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Wilting, yellowing leaves, or stunted growth in cold; scorching or leaf drop in excessive heat.
Cold Stress
Slows growth, may cause leaf drop, and increases susceptibility to root rot due to reduced evaporation.
Solution: Move to a warmer location; provide frost protection in cold climates; reduce watering.
Hot Stress
Can lead to dehydration, leaf scorch, and wilting if not provided adequate water and shade.
Solution: Provide partial shade during peak heat; increase watering frequency; use mulch to retain soil moisture.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check growth phase; dilute fertilizer; apply to moist soil; avoid winter feeding.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength; fertilize monthly during growing season (spring to summer); avoid fertilizing in winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicCats are highly sensitive to the stimulant effects of the alkaloids in Ephedra major. Ingestion can result in significant cardiovascular and neurological disturbances, posing a serious health risk.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
ToxicThe alkaloids in Ephedra major can be particularly harmful to dogs, causing stimulant effects on the nervous and cardiovascular systems. This can lead to tachycardia, hypertension, and potential neurotoxicity in canines.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
ToxicEphedra major contains alkaloids, including ephedrine, which can stimulate the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Ingestion can lead to increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and potential neurotoxic effects. The physiological impact is significant, particularly in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Ephedra major toxic to pets?
A: It is mildly toxic to dogs and cats.
Q: Does Ephedra major require much water?
A: No, it is highly drought-tolerant and requires minimal watering.
Q: Can Ephedra major be grown indoors?
A: It is primarily an outdoor plant due to its need for full sun and arid conditions.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Ephedraceae |
| Care: | easy |
| Light: | full sun |
| Water: | every 2–3 weeks, allowing so |
Get Expert Care Tips
Download the Plantious app for personalized care reminders and plant identification!
Google Play App Store
