Wood Betony
pedicularis canadensis
Also known as: ["Canadian Lousewort","Wood Betony"]
Overview
A perennial herbaceous plant native to North America, known for its distinctive yellow flowers and parasitic root system.
Benefits & Perks
["wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","rare/collector’s item"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Orobanchaceae |
| Genus: | Pedicularis |
| Botanical Name: | Pedicularis canadensis |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Herbs & Weeds
- Suitable Location: woodland garden or naturalized area
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"0–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"4–8"}
- Misting: rarely required
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent root rot.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, sandy loam with organic matter; mimics natural woodland soil.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, typically after flowering or in early spring.
- Pruning Intensity: Light pruning; remove only dead or diseased parts.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun to partial shade (4–6 hours of direct sunlight daily); tolerates dappled light in hotter climates.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to direct sunlight to prevent scorching; provide afternoon shade in hot regions; adjust light exposure based on seasonal changes.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
partial shade to full sun
Morning sun is ideal; avoid intense afternoon sun; rotate plants for even light exposure.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter
Water deeply but infrequently; avoid waterlogged soil; adjust based on seasonal growth cycles.
Soil
well-drained, sandy loam with moderate organic content
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Use a mix of loam, sand, and compost; avoid heavy clay soils; ensure good drainage.
Temperature
Cool to moderate temperatures (60–75°F or 15–24°C); prefers cooler conditions during dormancy.
Protect from frost; avoid sudden temperature shifts; maintain consistent cool conditions during dormancy.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer
Fertilize in spring only; use a low-nitrogen formula; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup.
Propagation
Methods
Seed propagation is most common; division of clumps can also be done in early spring.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Sow seeds shallowly.
- Keep moist and warm.
- Thin seedlings as they grow.
- Divide clumps by separating roots and replanting.
Best Time: Early spring before active growth begins; seeds can be sown in late summer or early fall.
Environment
Warm, humid conditions for seeds; bright indirect light; keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Medium
Well-draining seed starting mix or sandy loam; for division, use fresh potting soil.
Hormone
Not typically required for seeds; rooting hormone may aid division if roots are damaged.
Timeline
Seeds may take 3–6 weeks to germinate; division plants establish within 1–2 growing seasons.
Tools Needed
Seed trays, pots, pruners, trowel, rooting hormone (optional).
Quick Tips
Sow seeds in fall for spring germination; divide clumps every 2–3 years to maintain vigor.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Snip off dead flower stalks and yellowing leaves; avoid cutting into healthy growth.
Pruning Plan
Minimal pruning needed; focus on removing dead or damaged foliage to maintain plant health.
Tools
Clean, sharp scissors or pruners.
Checklist
Use clean tools; prune dead or damaged parts; avoid over-pruning; dispose of clippings properly.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before new growth begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 1–2 inches in diameter.
Method
Gently remove plant; trim any circling roots; replant in fresh, well-draining soil with a slightly larger pot.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound; beneficial for maintaining vigor.
Checklist
Choose appropriate pot size; use fresh soil; trim roots if necessary; water lightly after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water early in the day; ensure proper drainage; adjust frequency with seasons.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water at the base of the plant, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone without wetting foliage; allow excess water to drain away; water in the morning to minimize evaporation.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water moderately during active growth in spring, reducing frequency in summer dormancy; allow soil to dry slightly between waterings.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure good aeration.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Wilting, leaf discoloration, or stunted growth in extreme heat or cold; bud drop in fluctuating temperatures.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures can cause root damage or dormancy; prolonged frost may lead to tissue injury.
Solution: Provide frost protection in winter; ensure good soil drainage to prevent cold waterlogging; move potted plants to sheltered locations.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can lead to wilting, leaf scorch, or premature flowering; may reduce vigor and lifespan.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase humidity around the plant; water deeply to cool roots.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use diluted fertilizer; apply during growing season; avoid over-fertilization; flush soil periodically.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength; apply every 4–6 weeks during active growth; avoid fertilizing during dormancy.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Slightly ToxicCats are also susceptible to liver toxicity from the pyrrolizidine alkaloids present in Pedicularis canadensis. Even small amounts can be harmful due to their sensitivity.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
Slightly ToxicThe pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Pedicularis canadensis can cause liver toxicity in dogs. Chronic exposure may lead to severe liver dysfunction.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
Slightly ToxicPedicularis canadensis contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can cause liver damage upon ingestion. The effects are cumulative and may not manifest immediately but can lead to serious health issues over time.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Pedicularis canadensis toxic to pets?
A: Reliable information on toxicity to pets is not available.
Q: How does Pedicularis canadensis grow?
A: It is a perennial herb that grows in moist, shaded woodlands and is partially parasitic on the roots of nearby plants.
Q: What are the uses of Wood Betony?
A: It is primarily valued for its ornamental flowers and ecological role in supporting pollinators.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Orobanchaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | partial shade to full sun |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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