Gliricidia, White Chaulmoogra, Indian Butter Tree

cordia dichotoma

Also known as: ["Indian Butter Tree","White Chaulmoogra","Slippery Bark"]

Family: Boraginaceae Genus: Cordia Category: Trees

Overview

A deciduous tree native to tropical and subtropical regions, known for its white, waxy flowers and edible fruits.

Benefits & Perks

["edible fruits","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","fast growing"]

Botanical Classification

Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Cordia
Botanical Name: Cordia dichotoma

Plant Characteristics

Basic Information
  • Category: Trees
  • Suitable Location: outdoor garden in tropical or subtropical regions
  • Suitable For:
    Outdoor Landscapers Wildlife Supporters
  • Is Weed: No
  • Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
  • Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–35°C"}
  • Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
  • Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
  • Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
  • Soil Type: Well-draining, loamy soil with organic matter; can tolerate slightly sandy or clay soils if amended.
Maintenance Level
  • Maintenance Level: moderate
  • Toughness Level: moderate
  • Pruning Frequency: Annually or as needed to control size and shape; light pruning can be done throughout the growing season.
  • Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of the plant if necessary, but avoid heavy pruning during flowering
Care Details

Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun to partial shade; 6–8 hours of direct sunlight per day, with some afternoon shade in hot climates.

Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually if moving from shade to sun; protect from intense midday sun to avoid scorching; adjust placement based on indoor/outdoor conditions.

Warning Signs: Yellowing leaves, root rot, or stunted growth indicate poor soil conditions or improper watering.

Care Requirements

Care Difficulty
moderate

moderate

Sunlight

full sun to partial shade

Rotate plant for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter intense light; monitor for signs of sunburn.

Watering

every 7–10 days during growing season, reduce in winter

Water thoroughly but infrequently; ensure good drainage; adjust based on season and growth stage.

Soil

well-draining, loamy soil with organic matter

pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).

Use a pot with drainage holes; avoid overwatering; amend heavy soils with organic matter.

Temperature

Prefers warm temperatures (65–85°F / 18–29°C); tolerates mild frosts but thrives in tropical to subtropical climates.

Protect from frost; ensure good air circulation; adjust watering in extreme heat.

Fertilizing

every 4–6 weeks during active growth

Apply fertilizer after watering to prevent root burn; avoid fertilizing newly repotted plants for 4–6 weeks.

Propagation

Methods

Stem cuttings or seeds; stem cuttings are more common for home growers.

Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
  1. Take a 4–6 inch cutting with at least two nodes.
  2. Remove lower leaves.
  3. Dip in rooting hormone.
  4. Plant in medium.
  5. Keep moist and warm.

Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.

Environment

Warm, humid environment with indirect light; maintain consistent moisture in the medium.

Medium

Well-draining potting mix with perlite or sand; can also use water propagation for cuttings.

Hormone

Rooting hormone is recommended to improve success rates.

Timeline

Roots may develop in 3–6 weeks; new growth indicates establishment, typically within 2–3 months.

Tools Needed

Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, well-draining medium, plastic wrap (for humidity).

Quick Tips

Use healthy, non-flowering stems; maintain humidity around cuttings; avoid direct sunlight.

Pruning & Repotting

Pruning Guide
Method

Selective pruning of branches to shape the plant; remove crossing or crowded branches to improve air circulation.

Pruning Plan

Prune to maintain shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or diseased branches.

Tools

Pruning shears, loppers (for larger branches), sterilizing solution.

Checklist

Sterilize tools; prune during dormancy or after flowering; make clean cuts just above a node or branch junction.

Repotting Guide
Best Season

Spring, before the active growing season begins.

Pot Size

Choose a pot one size larger (1–2 inches wider in diameter) than the current one.

Method

Remove plant gently; trim any circling roots; place in a new pot with fresh soil; water thoroughly after repotting.

Suggestions

Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; necessary to refresh soil and provide space for growth.

Checklist

Select appropriate pot; prepare new soil mix; handle roots carefully; water after repotting.

Advanced Care Tips

Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist

Check soil moisture; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for season.

How to Apply Water Properly

Water at the base of the plant, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone; allow excess water to drain away; water early in the morning to minimize evaporation.

Pro Tip: Use a watering can with a narrow spout to direct water to the roots without wetting foliage.
Watering Schedule Tips

Water deeply once the top inch of soil feels dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.

Soil Improvement

Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure good aeration by avoiding compacted soil.

Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues

Yellowing leaves, leaf drop, or stunted growth in cold; wilting or scorched leaves in excessive heat.

Cold Stress

Slows growth, may cause leaf drop, and can lead to root damage if temperatures drop below 32°F (0°C).

Solution: Move to a sheltered location; provide frost protection; avoid overwatering in cold conditions.

Hot Stress

Leaves may wilt, curl, or scorch; growth may slow due to excessive transpiration.

Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase humidity; water more frequently but avoid waterlogging.

Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist

Check fertilizer type; dilute correctly; apply during growing season; avoid contact with roots.

Fertilizing Method

Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during growing season (spring to summer); reduce or stop in fall and winter.

Common Problems & Solutions

Yellowing leaves in Cordia dichotoma can indicate nutrient deficiencies, overwatering, or pest infestations, affecting photosynthesis and overall plant health.

Wilting in Cordia dichotoma may result from water stress, either due to drought or overwatering, leading to impaired nutrient uptake and potential plant death.

Leaf spots on Cordia dichotoma are often caused by fungal or bacterial pathogens, leading to defoliation and reduced photosynthetic capacity.

Rotting, particularly root rot, can occur in Cordia dichotoma when soil remains waterlogged, causing decay of root tissues and eventual plant decline.

Toxicity Warning

Cats
Slightly Toxic

Cats are also susceptible to mild toxicity from the seeds and unripe fruits of Cordia dichotoma due to cyanogenic glycosides. The small size of cats may make them more sensitive to even small amounts of these compounds.

⚠️ Symptoms:
vomiting diarrhea lethargy loss of appetite
🌿 Toxic Parts:
seeds unripe fruits
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Prevent cats from accessing seeds and unripe fruits. Seek veterinary attention if ingestion is suspected or symptoms appear.
Dogs
Slightly Toxic

Similar to humans, dogs may experience mild toxicity from consuming the seeds or unripe fruits of Cordia dichotoma due to cyanogenic glycosides. While generally not life-threatening, ingestion can cause gastrointestinal upset.

⚠️ Symptoms:
vomiting diarrhea lethargy abdominal discomfort
🌿 Toxic Parts:
seeds unripe fruits
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Keep pets away from seeds and unripe fruits. If ingestion occurs, monitor for symptoms and consult a veterinarian if they persist.
Humans
Slightly Toxic

Cordia dichotoma contains small amounts of cyanogenic glycosides, particularly in its seeds and unripe fruits. These compounds can release cyanide upon digestion, leading to mild gastrointestinal distress and potential systemic effects if consumed in large quantities.

⚠️ Symptoms:
nausea vomiting diarrhea abdominal pain
🌿 Toxic Parts:
seeds unripe fruits
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Avoid consuming seeds and unripe fruits. Ripe fruits are generally safe in moderation, but excessive intake should be avoided.
Important: Keep this plant out of reach of children and pets. If ingestion occurs, contact poison control or veterinary services immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is Cordia dichotoma suitable for indoor cultivation?

A: No, it is a tree and requires outdoor space.

Q: Are the fruits of Cordia dichotoma edible?

A: Yes, the fruits are edible and are sometimes used in local cuisines.

Q: Does Cordia dichotoma attract wildlife?

A: Yes, it attracts bees, butterflies, and birds due to its flowers and fruits.

Quick Reference
Family: Boraginaceae
Care: moderate
Light: full sun to partial shade
Water: every 7–10 days during growi
Suitable For: ["outdoor landscapers","wildlife supporters (attracts bees, butterflies, birds)"]
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