African Spurge
gymnosporia senegalensis
Also known as: ["African Spurge","Senegal Spurge"]
Overview
A deciduous shrub or small tree native to Africa, known for its spiny branches and small, greenish flowers.
Benefits & Perks
["wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","drought tolerant","shade tolerant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Celastrales |
| Family: | Celastraceae |
| Genus: | Gymnosporia |
| Botanical Name: | Gymnosporia senegalensis |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Shrubs
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden in arid or semi-arid regions
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–40°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent root rot.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, slightly sandy or loamy soil with added organic matter.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: Annually in late winter or early spring before new growth begins; light pruning can be done as needed year-round.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of the oldest stems to rejuvenate growth.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright indirect light for 6–8 hours daily; can tolerate full sun with gradual acclimation, especially in cooler climates.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate to direct sun slowly over 1–2 weeks; protect from intense midday sun in hot climates; adjust indoor placement to avoid legginess or scorching.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plant weekly for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter harsh sunlight; avoid placing near large windows with direct afternoon sun.
Watering
every 7–14 days, allowing soil to dry between waterings
Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom, avoid frequent shallow watering, and adjust frequency based on season and soil dryness.
Soil
well-draining, sandy loam
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Use a mix of potting soil, sand, and perlite; avoid heavy clay soils; ensure pots have drainage holes.
Temperature
Prefers 60–85°F (15–29°C); tolerates mild frost but thrives in warm, stable conditions with slight cooling in winter.
Avoid sudden temperature changes; protect from frost; ensure good air circulation in warm conditions.
Fertilizing
every 2–3 months during growing season
Apply fertilizer after watering to prevent root burn; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; adjust frequency based on growth rate.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or seeds; stem cuttings are more reliable for home growers.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take a 4–6 inch cutting.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Dip in rooting hormone.
- Plant in medium.
- Maintain humidity and warmth.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm (70–75°F), humid, and bright indirect light with protection from direct sun.
Medium
Well-draining mix of perlite and peat moss or cactus mix.
Hormone
Recommended to use rooting hormone for faster and more reliable rooting.
Timeline
Roots typically form in 4–8 weeks; establishment may take an additional 2–3 months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, well-draining medium, plastic wrap or propagator.
Quick Tips
Use healthy, non-flowering stems; maintain consistent moisture; provide bottom heat for faster rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Use clean cuts just above a leaf node or bud; avoid leaving stubs or cutting into old wood unnecessarily.
Pruning Plan
Shape the plant, remove dead or diseased growth, and encourage bushier growth; focus on maintaining a balanced form.
Tools
Pruning shears, sterilizing solution, gloves, small saw (for larger branches).
Checklist
Sterilize tools; prune during dormancy; remove dead/diseased wood; shape evenly; clean up debris.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before the growing season begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 1–2 inches in diameter; avoid oversized pots to prevent waterlogging.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim any circling roots; place in a slightly larger pot with fresh, well-draining soil; water thoroughly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; beneficial for rejuvenating soil and encouraging growth.
Checklist
Choose appropriate pot size; prepare fresh soil mix; trim roots if necessary; water after repotting; place in shade for a few days.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply; ensure proper drainage; adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone, ensuring even moisture distribution without saturating the soil; water early in the morning to minimize evaporation and allow foliage to dry.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once every 7–10 days during active growth in spring and summer; reduce frequency to every 3–4 weeks in fall and winter, allowing soil to dry completely between waterings.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure soil is loose and airy.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis or leaf drop in extreme cold; wilting or scorching in excessive heat; stunted growth in fluctuating temperatures.
Cold Stress
Slows metabolic processes, causing leaf drop and reduced vigor; prolonged exposure can lead to root damage or death.
Solution: Move to a warmer location; insulate pots with bubble wrap; avoid placing near drafty windows or doors.
Hot Stress
Causes leaf scorch, wilting, and dehydration; may lead to premature flowering or fruit drop.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase humidity with misting; water more frequently but avoid waterlogging.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use diluted fertilizer; fertilize during active growth; avoid winter feeding; flush soil periodically.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer; cease fertilizing in fall and winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicCats are susceptible to toxicity from Gymnosporia senegalensis, particularly from the berries and seeds. The plant's toxins can cause severe gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms in felines.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
ToxicIn dogs, ingestion of Gymnosporia senegalensis berries and seeds can lead to severe gastrointestinal upset and potential systemic toxicity. The plant's compounds may affect the dog's digestive and nervous systems.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
ToxicGymnosporia senegalensis contains toxic compounds that can cause significant physiological distress when ingested. The berries and seeds are particularly harmful, leading to gastrointestinal and neurological effects.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Gymnosporia senegalensis toxic to pets?
A: There is no reliable information available regarding its toxicity to pets.
Q: How often should I water Gymnosporia senegalensis?
A: Water moderately, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings.
Q: Does Gymnosporia senegalensis attract wildlife?
A: Yes, it attracts bees, butterflies, and birds, making it a good choice for wildlife gardens.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Celastraceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–14 days, allowing so |
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