Canary Island Spurge
euphorbia atropurpurea
Also known as: ["Canary Spurge","Euphorbia canariensis"]
Overview
A striking succulent-like plant native to the Canary Islands, known for its architectural form and reddish-purple stems.
Benefits & Perks
["drought tolerant","rare/collector’s item","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus: | Euphorbia |
| Botanical Name: | Euphorbia atropurpurea |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Succulents & Cacti
- Suitable Location: rock garden or sunny, well-drained outdoor spot
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent root rot.
- Soil Type: Well-draining cactus or succulent mix with added perlite or coarse sand.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: low
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, typically every 6–12 months or after flowering.
- Pruning Intensity: Light to moderate; avoid heavy pruning unless necessary.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun to bright indirect light; 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily in spring and summer; partial shade in intense summer heat.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to intense sunlight; protect from harsh midday sun; place in a spot with morning sun and afternoon shade if outdoors.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plant weekly for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter intense light indoors; avoid sudden light changes.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce to every 3–4 weeks in winter
Allow soil to dry completely between waterings; water less in winter; avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal issues.
Soil
well-draining, sandy or rocky soil mix
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure pots have drainage holes; avoid heavy garden soil; allow soil to dry between waterings.
Temperature
Ideal range 65–85°F (18–29°C); tolerates mild frost but prefers warm conditions; reduce watering in cooler temperatures.
Avoid sudden temperature fluctuations; protect from drafts; maintain consistent warmth during active growth.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer with a balanced liquid fertilizer, none in winter
Fertilize only when actively growing; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; stop fertilizing before winter.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings; leaf cuttings can also be used but are slower.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take a healthy stem cutting.
- Let it dry and callus.
- Plant in well-draining medium.
- Keep lightly moist.
- Provide warmth and indirect light.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm, humid environment with bright indirect light; protect from direct sun until established.
Medium
Well-draining mix of cactus soil and perlite or sand; allow cuttings to callus for 1–2 weeks before planting.
Hormone
Optional but recommended for faster rooting.
Timeline
Roots may appear in 3–6 weeks; new growth in 2–4 months.
Tools Needed
Clean knife or shears, rooting hormone (optional), well-draining medium, small pots.
Quick Tips
Use gloves to handle sap; ensure cuttings are healthy; maintain consistent humidity for faster rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Trim back leggy stems; remove yellow or dead leaves; shape the plant as desired.
Pruning Plan
Prune to maintain shape, remove dead or damaged growth, and encourage bushier growth; minimal pruning needed for healthy plants.
Tools
Clean, sharp pruning shears or scissors, gloves.
Checklist
Disinfect tools; prune during active growth; wear gloves to avoid sap irritation; remove only necessary parts.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the active growing season begins.
Pot Size
One size larger pot; ensure it has drainage holes.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim any dead roots; place in a slightly larger pot with fresh, well-draining soil; water lightly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; only repot if necessary to refresh soil or accommodate growth.
Checklist
Check root bound status; use fresh soil; ensure proper drainage; avoid overpotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust seasonally.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water thoroughly at the root zone until water drains from the bottom; ensure excess water drains away; water in the morning to allow foliage to dry.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once every 7–10 days during active growth in spring and summer; reduce frequency to every 3–4 weeks in fall and winter. Adjust based on rainfall and soil dryness.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite, coarse sand, or pumice to improve drainage; incorporate organic matter for fertility if needed.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis, leaf drop, stunted growth, or soft stems in cold; wilting, scorching, or sunburn in excessive heat.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth and can cause root rot if soil remains wet; may lead to leaf drop or tissue damage below 50°F (10°C).
Solution: Move to a warmer location; reduce watering; provide frost protection if outdoors; ensure good air circulation.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause wilting, scorching of leaves, or sunburn; may lead to dehydration and reduced vigor.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase humidity; water early in the day; ensure proper ventilation.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check growth phase; dilute fertilizer; apply to moist soil; avoid contact with stems.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer; avoid fertilizing in fall and winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicEuphorbia atropurpurea is toxic to cats, with the milky sap being the most hazardous component. The plant's irritant compounds can cause significant gastrointestinal distress and skin irritation in cats. Systemic effects are possible if ingested in large amounts.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested
Dogs
ToxicEuphorbia atropurpurea is toxic to dogs, primarily due to the irritant compounds in its milky sap. Ingestion can lead to severe gastrointestinal upset and potential systemic toxicity. The plant's effects are similar in dogs as in humans, with irritation being the primary concern.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested
Humans
ToxicThe milky sap of Euphorbia atropurpurea contains diterpenoid esters, which are irritants to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal distress and systemic effects due to the presence of phorbol esters. The plant's toxicity is primarily localized but can become systemic if ingested in significant quantities.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if touched or ingested
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Euphorbia atropurpurea toxic to pets?
A: Yes, it is mildly toxic to dogs and cats if ingested.
Q: How much sunlight does this plant require?
A: It thrives in full sun to partial shade.
Q: Does this plant require frequent watering?
A: No, it is drought-tolerant and prefers infrequent watering.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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