Whorled Milfoil
myriophyllum verticillatum
Also known as: ["Whorled Watermilfoil","Whorled Milfoil"]
Overview
A submerged aquatic plant with delicate, whorled leaves and small flowers that emerge above the water surface.
Benefits & Perks
["long-flowering","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","shade tolerant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Saxifragales |
| Family: | Haloragaceae |
| Genus: | Myriophyllum |
| Botanical Name: | Myriophyllum verticillatum |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Flowers
- Suitable Location: Aquarium or indoor pot in a humid environment with bright, indirect light.
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"15–28°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"6–10"}
- Misting: Every 2–3 days in terrestrial setups to maintain high humidity; not required in aquarium environment
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining potting mix with added perlite or sand for aeration.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: Every 2–3 months or as needed to control size and shape.
- Pruning Intensity: Light to moderate pruning; avoid removing more than one-third of the plant at a time.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright indirect light for 6–8 hours daily. Can tolerate partial shade but may grow leggy in low light.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to intense light to prevent scorching. Indoors, place near an east or west-facing window with a sheer curtain. Outdoors, provide dappled shade during peak afternoon sun.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderateeasy
Sunlight
Bright, indirect light or partial shade; full sun in submerged aquatic environments.
Rotate plant weekly for even growth; avoid direct midday sun; adjust light based on season.
Watering
Keep substrate consistently moist, watering every 2–3 days in aquarium settings or daily in terrestrial setups during active growth.
Keep soil evenly moist; avoid waterlogging; water when the top inch of soil feels slightly dry.
Soil
Aquarium substrate or loamy, organic-rich potting mix for terrestrial growth.
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure pots have drainage holes; avoid compacted soil; refresh soil every 1–2 years.
Temperature
Prefers temperatures between 65–75°F (18–24°C). Tolerates a range of 50–85°F (10–29°C) but thrives in moderate warmth.
Avoid sudden temperature fluctuations; protect from drafts; maintain moderate warmth year-round.
Fertilizing
Every 2 weeks during active growth with liquid aquarium fertilizer or balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer; reduce to monthly in winter.
Dilute fertilizer to prevent burn; fertilize only when actively growing; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings are the most effective method. Take cuttings from healthy, non-flowering stems.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take a 4–6 inch cutting.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Dip in rooting hormone (optional).
- Plant in moist medium.
- Maintain humidity.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
High humidity (70–90%), warm temperatures (70–75°F or 21–24°C), and indirect light.
Medium
A mix of peat and perlite or a standard potting mix with good drainage.
Hormone
Optional but recommended for faster rooting.
Timeline
Roots typically develop in 2–4 weeks; new growth may appear in 4–6 weeks.
Tools Needed
Sharp scissors, rooting hormone, small pots, humidity dome or plastic bag.
Quick Tips
Use healthy parent stems; maintain consistent moisture; provide bottom heat for faster rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Pinch back tips or cut stems just above a leaf node to promote branching.
Pruning Plan
Prune to maintain shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or damaged foliage.
Tools
Clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears.
Checklist
Sanitize tools; prune during active growth; remove dead/damaged parts; shape evenly.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the active growing season begins.
Pot Size
Choose a pot one size larger (1–2 inches wider in diameter) than the current one.
Method
Gently remove the plant; trim any circling roots; place in a new pot with fresh soil; water thoroughly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot every 1–2 years or when roots outgrow the container. Necessary to refresh soil and provide space for growth.
Checklist
Select appropriate pot; prepare fresh soil mix; handle roots carefully; water after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture daily; water thoroughly; ensure proper drainage; adjust for seasons.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom, ensuring even moisture distribution. Focus on the root zone and avoid wetting the foliage to prevent fungal issues. Allow excess water to drain completely to prevent root rot.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water regularly to maintain consistently moist soil, especially during active growth periods. Reduce frequency slightly in winter but ensure the soil does not dry out completely.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand to improve drainage; incorporate organic matter like compost for fertility.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis (yellowing leaves), wilting, stunted growth, or bud drop in extreme conditions.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth and can cause leaf discoloration or necrosis. Prolonged cold may lead to root damage.
Solution: Move to a warmer location; insulate pots; avoid placing near drafty windows or cold surfaces.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause leaf scorch, wilting, or dehydration, especially if combined with low humidity.
Solution: Provide shade; increase humidity with misting or a humidifier; ensure adequate watering.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check growth phase; dilute fertilizer; apply to moist soil; avoid foliage contact.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce or stop fertilizing in fall and winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Non-toxicMyriophyllum verticillatum is not considered toxic to cats. There are no documented cases of toxicity in felines from exposure to this plant.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic
Dogs
Non-toxicMyriophyllum verticillatum is not considered toxic to dogs. There are no documented cases of toxicity in canines from exposure to this plant.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic
Humans
Non-toxicMyriophyllum verticillatum is not known to exhibit toxic properties to humans under normal conditions. It is commonly used in aquariums and water gardens without reported adverse effects.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally non-toxic
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Myriophyllum verticillatum suitable for aquariums?
A: Yes, it is commonly used in aquariums and ponds for its aesthetic and oxygenating properties.
Q: Does this plant require special lighting?
A: It thrives in moderate to high light conditions, which encourages better growth and flowering.
Q: Can it be grown in cold climates?
A: It is cold-hardy and can survive in temperate regions, though it may become dormant in winter.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Haloragaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | Bright, indirect light or part |
| Water: | Keep substrate consistently mo |
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