Spurge
euphorbia terracina
Also known as: ["Southern Spurge","Stinking Spurge"]
Overview
A perennial herbaceous plant with yellow-green flowers and milky sap, native to the Mediterranean region.
Benefits & Perks
["drought tolerant","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus: | Euphorbia |
| Botanical Name: | Euphorbia terracina |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Herbs & Weeds
- Suitable Location: rock gardens, xeriscapes, or sunny borders
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: moderate
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogged roots.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, sandy soil with some organic matter. Cactus or succulent mix is ideal.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: low
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, typically every 6–12 months or after flowering.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of growth if necessary.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun (6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily). Adjust to partial shade in extreme summer heat to prevent scorching.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually to intense sunlight. Place in a spot with unobstructed sun exposure. In hot climates, provide some afternoon shade to prevent leaf burn.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
easymoderate
Sunlight
full sun
Rotate plant weekly for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter intense summer sun; avoid sudden light changes.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, less frequently in winter
Water thoroughly until runoff, ensure soil dries completely between waterings, and reduce frequency in winter.
Soil
well-draining, sandy or rocky soil
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure pots have drainage holes; avoid heavy clay soils; topdress with gravel for extra drainage.
Temperature
Prefers warm temperatures (65–85°F or 18–29°C). Tolerates mild frosts but thrives in heat.
Protect from frost; avoid placing near drafty windows; maintain consistent warmth during active growth.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during growing season, none in winter
Fertilize only during active growth; dilute fertilizer to prevent salt buildup; flush soil occasionally to remove excess salts.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or division. Stem cuttings are the most common method.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take a healthy stem cutting.
- Let it callus for 1–2 days.
- Plant in moist medium.
- Keep warm and humid.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm (70–75°F or 21–24°C), high humidity (60–70%), and bright indirect light.
Medium
Well-draining mix of perlite and cactus/succulent soil.
Hormone
Optional, but rooting hormone can speed up the process.
Timeline
Roots develop in 2–4 weeks; new growth appears in 6–8 weeks.
Tools Needed
Sharp knife or scissors, rooting hormone (optional), small pots, well-draining medium.
Quick Tips
Allow cuttings to callus before planting; maintain humidity with a plastic cover; avoid overwatering.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Cut stems just above a leaf node or junction. Wear gloves to avoid skin irritation from sap.
Pruning Plan
Prune to maintain shape, remove dead/damaged growth, and encourage bushier growth.
Tools
Sharp, clean pruning shears or scissors, gloves.
Checklist
Sterilize tools; prune dead/damaged stems; wear gloves; dispose of pruned material properly.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the active growing season begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 1–2 inches (2.5–5 cm) in diameter.
Method
Remove plant gently, trim roots if needed, place in a slightly larger pot with fresh soil, and water lightly.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot. Necessary to refresh soil and provide space.
Checklist
Choose appropriate pot; prepare fresh soil mix; handle roots carefully; water lightly after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply; ensure drainage; reduce frequency in winter.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone, ensuring even saturation. Water early in the morning to minimize evaporation and allow foliage to dry. Ensure excess water drains away to prevent root rot.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply but infrequently, allowing soil to dry out between waterings. Reduce watering in winter to once every 4–6 weeks, depending on conditions.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite, coarse sand, or pumice to improve drainage. Incorporate compost for organic matter.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Yellowing leaves, stunted growth, or leaf drop in cold; wilting or scorched leaves in excessive heat.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth and can cause root damage or leaf drop. Prolonged cold may lead to death.
Solution: Move to a warmer location; insulate roots with mulch; avoid overwatering in cold conditions.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause leaf scorch, dehydration, and wilting, especially if combined with inadequate water.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering frequency; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use diluted fertilizer; fertilize in spring/summer only; avoid foliage contact.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer. Avoid fertilizing in fall and winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicEuphorbia terracina is toxic to cats, with the milky sap being particularly irritating to their sensitive skin and mucous membranes. Ingestion can cause severe gastrointestinal upset and other systemic effects due to the plant's latex compounds.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested
Dogs
ToxicThe milky sap of Euphorbia terracina is toxic to dogs, causing irritation to the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract. The diterpene esters can lead to significant discomfort and potential systemic issues if ingested in large quantities.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested
Humans
ToxicThe milky sap of Euphorbia terracina contains diterpene esters, which are irritants to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal distress and systemic effects due to the plant's latex compounds.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if touched or ingested
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Euphorbia terracina toxic to pets?
A: Yes, it is toxic to dogs and cats if ingested.
Q: Does this plant require much maintenance?
A: No, it is drought-tolerant and requires low maintenance.
Q: Can Euphorbia terracina be grown indoors?
A: It is primarily an outdoor plant due to its size and growth habits.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Care: | easy |
| Light: | full sun |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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