Pelican Flower

aristolochia gigantea

Also known as: ["Calico Flower","Swan Flower"]

Family: Aristolochiaceae Genus: Aristolochia Category: Flowers

Overview

A tropical vine known for its large, unusual flowers resembling pelicans or swans, native to Central and South America.

Benefits & Perks

["fragrant flowers","rare/collector’s item","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]

Botanical Classification

Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Piperales
Family: Aristolochiaceae
Genus: Aristolochia
Botanical Name: Aristolochia gigantea

Plant Characteristics

Basic Information
  • Category: Flowers
  • Suitable Location: indoor pot with bright, filtered light or sheltered outdoor space
  • Suitable For:
    Collectors & Enthusiasts Outdoor Landscapers Wildlife Supporters
  • Is Weed: No
  • Allergenicity: moderate
Environmental Needs
  • Climate: {"temperatureRange":"18–30°C"}
  • Hardiness: {"zones":"10–11"}
  • Misting: every 2–3 days to maintain humidity
  • Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
  • Soil Type: Well-draining potting mix with added perlite or coarse sand; can include orchid bark for aeration.
Maintenance Level
  • Maintenance Level: moderate
  • Toughness Level: moderate
  • Pruning Frequency: Light pruning every 2–3 months; major pruning in late winter or early spring.
  • Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of growth if needed to rejuvenate the plant.
Care Details

Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright indirect light for 6–8 hours daily; can tolerate some direct morning sun but avoid harsh afternoon sun.

Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate the plant gradually to direct sunlight; protect from intense midday sun to prevent leaf scorch; adjust light exposure based on indoor vs. outdoor placement.

Warning Signs: Yellowing leaves, root rot, or stunted growth indicate poor soil conditions or improper watering.

Care Requirements

Care Difficulty
moderate

moderate

Sunlight

bright indirect light, partial shade

Rotate plant weekly for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter intense light; provide dappled shade outdoors.

Watering

every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter

Water deeply to encourage root growth; allow soil to dry between waterings; avoid overwatering.

Soil

well-draining, rich in organic matter

pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).

Use a pot with drainage holes; avoid heavy clay soils; top-dress with compost annually.

Temperature

Prefers warm temperatures between 65–85°F (18–29°C); thrives in humid environments; protect from frost.

Monitor room temperature; avoid sudden temperature fluctuations; maintain consistent warmth during winter.

Fertilizing

every 2 weeks during growing season, monthly in spring and fall

Fertilize after watering to prevent root burn; switch to a low-nitrogen formula if foliage grows excessively; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup.

Propagation

Methods

Stem cuttings in water or soil; air layering is also effective for larger stems.

Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
  1. Take a 4–6 inch cutting with at least one node.
  2. Remove lower leaves.
  3. Place in medium.
  4. Keep moist and warm.

Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.

Environment

Warm, humid environment with indirect light; maintain consistent moisture.

Medium

Well-draining potting mix or water with a touch of rooting hormone; perlite or sand can improve drainage.

Hormone

Recommended to speed up root development.

Timeline

Roots may appear in 2–4 weeks; establish in new pot after 6–8 weeks.

Tools Needed

Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, plastic wrap (for humidity).

Quick Tips

Use healthy, non-flowering stems; keep cuttings out of direct sun; change water regularly if using water propagation.

Pruning & Repotting

Pruning Guide
Method

Pinch back tips for bushier growth; cut stems just above a leaf node or bud.

Pruning Plan

Prune to control size, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or diseased stems.

Tools

Pruning shears, sterilizing solution, gloves.

Checklist

Sterilize tools; prune during dormancy; remove dead or crossing branches; shape as desired.

Repotting Guide
Best Season

Early spring before the growing season begins.

Pot Size

Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter; ensure good drainage holes.

Method

Remove plant gently; trim roots if crowded; place in a new pot with fresh soil; water lightly.

Suggestions

Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; necessary to refresh soil and provide space for growth.

Checklist

Choose appropriate pot; prepare new soil mix; handle roots carefully; water after repotting.

Advanced Care Tips

Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist

Check soil moisture; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for season.

How to Apply Water Properly

Water at the base of the plant, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone; water early in the day to minimize evaporation; ensure excess water drains away to prevent waterlogging.

Pro Tip: Use a watering can with a long spout to direct water precisely to the root zone.
Watering Schedule Tips

Water thoroughly when the top 1–2 inches of soil are dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.

Soil Improvement

Add perlite or coarse sand to improve drainage; incorporate organic matter like compost for fertility.

Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues

Wilting, leaf drop, or yellowing leaves in cold; scorching or stunted growth in excessive heat.

Cold Stress

Low temperatures slow growth and can cause leaf drop; prolonged cold may lead to root damage or death.

Solution: Move the plant to a warmer location; provide a heat source if needed; avoid placing near drafty windows or doors.

Hot Stress

Excessive heat can cause leaf scorch, wilting, or reduced flowering; may lead to dehydration.

Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase humidity with misting or a humidifier; ensure adequate watering.

Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist

Check fertilizer type; dilute correctly; apply during active growth; stop in winter.

Fertilizing Method

Use a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring to early fall); avoid fertilizing in winter.

Common Problems & Solutions

Yellowing leaves in Aristolochia gigantea may indicate nutrient deficiencies, overwatering, root rot, or pest infestations, all of which can impair photosynthesis and overall plant health.

Wilting in Aristolochia gigantea is often a sign of water stress, either due to insufficient watering or root damage from overwatering or pathogens, leading to reduced turgor pressure in plant cells.

Leaf spots on Aristolochia gigantea may be caused by fungal, bacterial, or viral pathogens, leading to reduced photosynthetic area, premature leaf drop, and potential spread to other parts of the plant.

Rotting, particularly root or stem rot, can occur in Aristolochia gigantea due to excessive moisture, poor drainage, or fungal infections, resulting in decay of plant tissues and eventual plant death.

Toxicity Warning

Cats
Toxic

Cats are also highly sensitive to aristolochic acids, which can induce severe kidney damage and carcinogenic effects. The toxins are rapidly absorbed and can lead to acute renal failure.

⚠️ Symptoms:
vomiting depression anorexia dehydration increased urination blood in urine weight loss
🌿 Toxic Parts:
roots stems leaves seeds
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Ensure the plant is inaccessible to cats. Immediate veterinary attention is required if ingestion occurs. Monitor for any signs of kidney distress.
Dogs
Toxic

Dogs are highly susceptible to aristolochic acid toxicity, which can cause acute kidney injury, chronic renal failure, and potential carcinogenesis. The toxins disrupt renal function and may lead to irreversible damage.

⚠️ Symptoms:
vomiting lethargy decreased appetite increased thirst urination changes weakness seizures
🌿 Toxic Parts:
roots stems leaves seeds
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Keep plants out of reach of dogs. If ingestion is suspected, seek veterinary care immediately. Do not induce vomiting without professional guidance.
Humans
Toxic

Aristolochia gigantea contains aristolochic acids, which are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. Ingestion can lead to severe kidney damage, aristolochic acid nephropathy, and an increased risk of urinary tract cancers. The toxins interfere with cellular DNA, causing long-term health complications.

⚠️ Symptoms:
nausea vomiting abdominal pain diarrhea kidney failure blood in urine chronic kidney disease
🌿 Toxic Parts:
roots stems leaves seeds
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Avoid ingestion under any circumstances. Do not use for medicinal purposes. Keep away from children and pets. Wear gloves when handling to prevent accidental ingestion.
Important: Keep this plant out of reach of children and pets. If ingestion occurs, contact poison control or veterinary services immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is Aristolochia gigantea toxic to pets?

A: Yes, it is toxic to dogs and cats.

Q: How often should I water Aristolochia gigantea?

A: Water moderately, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings.

Q: Does the Pelican Flower attract wildlife?

A: Yes, its unique flowers attract bees, butterflies, and birds.

Quick Reference
Family: Aristolochiaceae
Care: moderate
Light: bright indirect light, partial
Water: every 7–10 days during activ
Suitable For: ["collectors/enthusiasts","outdoor landscapers","wildlife supporters (attracts bees, butterflies, birds)"]
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