Cassia, Christmas Candleabra Bush, Christmas Senna
senna bicapsularis
Also known as: ["Cassia bicapsularis","Senna pendula var. bicapsularis"]
Overview
A deciduous shrub native to tropical regions, known for its bright yellow flowers that bloom in late fall and winter, creating a striking display.
Benefits & Perks
["long-flowering","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | Senna |
| Botanical Name: | Senna bicapsularis |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Flowers
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden bed in a sheltered spot
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining potting mix with added perlite or sand for aeration.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: Annually in late winter or early spring; light pruning can be done as needed.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of old growth if necessary.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun to partial shade; 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily; adjust for intense summer sun.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to intense sun; protect from harsh midday sun; place in filtered light if outdoors.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plant for even growth; use sheer curtains in summer; avoid direct afternoon sun indoors.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter
Water thoroughly but infrequently; ensure good drainage; avoid wetting foliage.
Soil
well-drained, loamy soil with moderate organic content
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Use a mix with good drainage; avoid heavy clay soils; topdress with compost annually.
Temperature
Prefers warm temperatures (65–85°F); tolerates mild frosts but thrives in heat.
Avoid sudden temperature shifts; protect from frost; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during growing season
Stop fertilizing in fall/winter; apply to moist soil to avoid root burn; flush soil occasionally to prevent buildup.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or seed; stem cuttings are more reliable for home growers.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take 4–6 inch cutting.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Dip in hormone.
- Plant in medium.
- Keep moist and warm.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when plant is actively growing.
Environment
High humidity (70–80%); warm temperatures (70–75°F); indirect light.
Medium
Well-draining mix of perlite and peat moss or cactus mix.
Hormone
Recommended to use rooting hormone for faster root development.
Timeline
Roots in 3–6 weeks; establish in new pot within 2–3 months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, misting spray bottle.
Quick Tips
Use healthy, non-flowering stems; keep consistently moist; provide bottom heat if possible.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Cut just above a leaf node or bud; thin out crowded areas.
Pruning Plan
Shape plant; encourage bushier growth; remove dead or overgrown stems.
Tools
Pruning shears, sterilizing solution, gloves.
Checklist
Sterilize tools; prune dead/damaged stems; shape plant; clean up debris.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before active growth begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter; ensure good drainage holes.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim roots if crowded; place in new pot with fresh soil; water lightly.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; promotes fresh soil and growth.
Checklist
Check root bound status; prepare new pot; trim roots; use fresh soil; water after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water at the base, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone; allow excess to drain; water early morning or late evening to minimize evaporation.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once the top inch of soil is dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure good aeration.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Yellowing leaves (cold); leaf drop (heat stress); stunted growth (extremes).
Cold Stress
Slows growth; may cause leaf drop; roots become susceptible to rot in cold, wet soil.
Solution: Move to a warmer location; protect from drafts; reduce watering in cool conditions.
Hot Stress
Wilting; leaf scorch; reduced flowering; increased water demand.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering; use mulch to retain soil moisture.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check season; dilute fertilizer; apply to soil; avoid foliage contact.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced liquid fertilizer every 4–6 weeks during growing season (spring/summer); dilute to half strength.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicCats are particularly sensitive to the laxative effects of Senna bicapsularis. Ingestion can cause severe gastrointestinal distress and may lead to dehydration and systemic complications if not addressed.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
ToxicThe plant's laxative compounds can cause severe gastrointestinal upset in dogs, leading to dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. Chronic exposure may result in more serious systemic effects.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
ToxicSenna bicapsularis contains anthraquinone glycosides, which act as laxatives and can cause severe gastrointestinal distress upon ingestion. Prolonged or excessive consumption may lead to electrolyte imbalances and potential kidney or liver damage.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Senna bicapsularis toxic to pets?
A: Yes, it is mildly toxic to dogs and cats if ingested.
Q: When does Senna bicapsularis bloom?
A: It typically blooms in late fall and winter, providing bright yellow flowers during these seasons.
Q: How much maintenance does this plant require?
A: It requires moderate maintenance, including regular watering and occasional pruning to maintain shape and health.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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