Candelabra Tree
euphorbia ingens
Also known as: ["Natal Spurge","Candelabra Spurge"]
Overview
A large, succulent tree native to Africa, known for its distinctive candelabra-like branching and milky latex sap.
Benefits & Perks
["drought tolerant","shade tolerant","rare/collector’s item"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus: | Euphorbia |
| Botanical Name: | Euphorbia ingens |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Succulents & Cacti
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden in arid or semi-arid regions
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: high
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"15–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent root rot.
- Soil Type: Well-draining cactus or succulent mix with added perlite or coarse sand.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: low
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, typically every 1–2 years or after flowering.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate to heavy, depending on desired shape and size.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun (6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily). Can tolerate partial shade but may become etiolated or less vibrant.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually if moving from shade to full sun to prevent scorching. Indoors, place near a south-facing window. Outdoors, ensure unobstructed sunlight.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun
Rotate plant for even growth; use shade cloth in extreme heat; avoid sudden light changes.
Watering
every 2–3 weeks during active growth, less frequently in winter
Water thoroughly but infrequently; ensure soil dries completely between waterings; avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal issues.
Soil
well-draining, sandy or rocky soil
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure pots have drainage holes; avoid heavy garden soil; topdress with gravel if needed.
Temperature
Prefers warm temperatures (65–85°F or 18–29°C). Tolerates mild frosts but thrives in heat.
Protect from frost; ensure good air circulation; adjust watering with temperature changes.
Fertilizing
every 2 months during growing season, none in winter
Fertilize only when actively growing; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; use a cactus-specific formula.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or division of offsets. Stem cuttings are most common.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Cut a healthy stem.
- Let it callus for 1–2 days.
- Plant in medium.
- Water sparingly until roots form.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm (70–80°F or 21–27°C), bright indirect light, and high humidity (e.g., propagation dome).
Medium
Well-draining mix like cactus soil with added perlite or sand.
Hormone
Optional, but rooting hormone can speed up the process.
Timeline
Roots may form in 2–4 weeks; establishment takes 2–3 months.
Tools Needed
Sharp knife, rooting hormone (optional), pot, well-draining soil mix.
Quick Tips
Use sterile tools; avoid overwatering; provide bottom heat for faster rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Cut stems cleanly just above a node or junction. Wear gloves to avoid sap irritation.
Pruning Plan
Prune to control size, shape, or remove damaged growth. Best done during active growth.
Tools
Pruning shears, gloves, disinfectant.
Checklist
Wear gloves; sterilize tools; cut cleanly; dispose of pruned material safely.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the growing season begins.
Pot Size
One size larger pot (e.g., +2–3 inches in diameter).
Method
Remove plant carefully; trim roots if needed; place in a slightly larger pot with fresh, well-draining soil.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot. Necessary to refresh soil and provide space.
Checklist
Check root bound status; prepare new pot; use fresh soil; water lightly after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil dryness; water deeply; ensure drainage; avoid stem contact; adjust seasonally.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the base of the plant, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone. Allow water to drain freely from the pot or soil. Water in the morning to minimize evaporation and fungal growth.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply every 1–2 weeks during active growth (spring/summer); reduce frequency to monthly or less in winter when dormant. Adjust based on rainfall and soil dryness.
Soil Improvement
Add coarse sand, perlite, or pumice to standard potting soil to enhance drainage.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis or leaf drop in cold; wilting or stunted growth in excessive heat.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth and can cause root rot if soil remains wet. Prolonged cold may lead to tissue damage.
Solution: Move to a warmer location; ensure soil is dry; use frost cloth for outdoor protection.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause leaf scorch, dehydration, or sunburn, especially if combined with inadequate water.
Solution: Provide partial shade during peak heat; water deeply; increase humidity if indoors.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check growth phase; dilute fertilizer; apply to moist soil; avoid stem contact.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during growing season (spring/summer). Avoid fertilizing in winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicEuphorbia ingens is toxic to cats, with the sap and plant parts causing severe irritation upon ingestion or contact. The phorbol esters can lead to gastrointestinal distress and skin reactions, requiring prompt veterinary attention.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested or if sap comes into contact with skin or eyes
Dogs
ToxicThe milky sap of Euphorbia ingens is highly irritating to dogs, causing severe gastrointestinal upset and skin irritation upon contact. The phorbol esters can lead to significant discomfort and potential systemic effects if ingested.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested or if sap comes into contact with skin or eyes
Humans
ToxicEuphorbia ingens contains diterpenoid phorbol esters, which are potent irritants and carcinogens. Ingestion can cause severe gastrointestinal distress, while contact with the sap can lead to skin and eye irritation, potentially causing chemical burns.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested or if sap comes into contact with skin or eyes
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Euphorbia ingens toxic to pets?
A: Yes, it is toxic to both dogs and cats if ingested.
Q: How often should I water Euphorbia ingens?
A: Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings, especially during winter.
Q: Can Euphorbia ingens be grown indoors?
A: It is best suited for outdoor cultivation due to its size and light requirements, though it can be grown indoors in very large containers with bright light.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun |
| Water: | every 2–3 weeks during activ |
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