Dragon Tree
dracaena draco
Also known as: ["Canary Islands Dragon Tree","Dracaena draco"]
Overview
A slow-growing, evergreen tree native to the Canary Islands, known for its dramatic, architectural form and red resin.
Benefits & Perks
["aesthetic foliage","rare/collector’s item","drought tolerant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Liliopsida |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Genus: | Dracaena |
| Botanical Name: | Dracaena draco |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Trees
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden in a sheltered spot or as a potted indoor plant with bright light
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, slightly sandy soil with organic matter; cactus or succulent mix works well.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: low
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, typically every 1–2 years or when growth becomes leggy.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of the plant if necessary.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright indirect light for 6–8 hours daily; tolerates some direct morning sun but avoid harsh afternoon sun.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate slowly to direct light; protect from intense sun to prevent leaf burn; adjust placement based on indoor/outdoor conditions.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plant for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter intense light; move outdoors in spring/summer for stronger light.
Watering
every 7–14 days, allowing soil to dry between waterings
Allow soil to dry between waterings; avoid overwatering; water deeply to encourage root growth.
Soil
well-draining, sandy loam with some organic matter
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Use a mix with good aeration, avoid heavy clay soils, check drainage before planting.
Temperature
Prefers 60–75°F (15–24°C); tolerates mild fluctuations but avoid prolonged exposure below 50°F (10°C) or above 85°F (29°C).
Avoid drafty areas, use a thermometer to monitor, adjust watering with temperature changes.
Fertilizing
every 2–3 months during spring and summer
Dilute fertilizer to prevent burn; fertilize during active growth; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or offsets; stem cuttings are more common for home growers.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Select a healthy stem, cut below a node, apply rooting hormone, plant in medium, keep moist and warm.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm, humid environment with indirect light; maintain temperatures around 70–75°F (21–24°C).
Medium
Well-draining mix of perlite and peat moss or cactus soil.
Hormone
Recommended to promote root development.
Timeline
Roots may develop in 4–8 weeks; new growth may take several months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, well-draining soil mix.
Quick Tips
Use a clear plastic bag to maintain humidity, keep soil consistently moist, avoid direct sunlight during rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Cut stems just above a leaf node or branch junction; use clean, sharp tools.
Pruning Plan
Prune to maintain shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or damaged foliage.
Tools
Pruning shears, sterilizing solution, gloves.
Checklist
Sterilize tools, make clean cuts, remove dead/damaged growth, clean up debris.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring or early summer before the active growing season begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter; ensure good drainage.
Method
Remove plant gently, trim roots if necessary, place in a new pot with fresh soil, water lightly.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; necessary to refresh soil and provide space for growth.
Checklist
Choose appropriate pot, prepare new soil, inspect roots, water after repotting, place in appropriate light.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture, water deeply, ensure drainage, adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the base, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone; allow excess water to drain completely; water in the morning to reduce evaporation.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water thoroughly when the top 1–2 inches of soil are dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure pots have drainage holes.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Yellowing leaves (cold stress), leaf drop (heat stress), stunted growth.
Cold Stress
Slows growth, causes leaf discoloration, and may lead to root rot if soil remains wet.
Solution: Move to a warmer location, ensure proper drainage, and avoid overwatering.
Hot Stress
Leaves may wilt, curl, or develop brown tips; growth may slow.
Solution: Provide shade, increase humidity, and water more frequently if in a hot environment.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check season, dilute fertilizer, apply to moist soil, avoid contact with leaves.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer; avoid fertilizing in fall and winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicDracaena draco is toxic to cats due to the presence of saponins, which can cause significant gastrointestinal upset and other systemic effects. The sap may also cause skin irritation.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
ToxicThe plant contains saponins that are toxic to dogs, leading to gastrointestinal upset and potential metabolic disturbances. The sap can also cause skin irritation.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
Slightly ToxicDracaena draco contains saponins which can cause mild gastrointestinal distress when ingested. The physiological impact is generally limited to irritation of the digestive tract.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Dracaena draco toxic to pets?
A: Yes, it is toxic to dogs and cats if ingested.
Q: How fast does Dracaena draco grow?
A: It is a slow-growing plant, often taking years to reach significant height.
Q: Can Dracaena draco be grown indoors?
A: It can be grown indoors in bright, indirect light, but it thrives best outdoors in warm climates.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–14 days, allowing so |
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