Star of Bethlehem
ornithogalum arabicum
Also known as: ["Arabian Starflower","Star of Bethlehem"]
Overview
A bulbous perennial plant native to the Mediterranean region, known for its star-shaped white flowers with a green stripe on the outside.
Benefits & Perks
["long-flowering","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","drought tolerant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Liliopsida |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Genus: | Ornithogalum |
| Botanical Name: | Ornithogalum arabicum |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Flowers
- Suitable Location: rock garden, border, or container in a sunny spot
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent bulb rot.
- Soil Type: Well-draining potting mix with added perlite or coarse sand; can include some compost for fertility.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: As needed after flowering; remove yellowing leaves year-round.
- Pruning Intensity: Light pruning; avoid cutting into healthy foliage.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright indirect light for 6–8 hours daily; tolerates some direct morning sun but avoid harsh afternoon sun.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to direct light; protect from intense midday sun; adjust placement based on indoor/outdoor conditions.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
easymoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plant for even light exposure; use sheer curtains to filter strong sunlight; avoid drafty windows.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in dormancy
Water thoroughly but infrequently; ensure soil dries between waterings; avoid overwatering, especially in dormant periods.
Soil
well-draining, sandy loam with some organic matter
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure pots have drainage holes; avoid heavy clay soils; top-dress with compost annually.
Temperature
Prefers 60–75°F (15–24°C); tolerates cooler temperatures but avoid frost; reduce watering in cooler months.
Avoid sudden temperature changes; protect from drafts; adjust watering with temperature fluctuations.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer
Fertilize only when actively growing; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; avoid over-fertilizing.
Propagation
Methods
Seed or division of bulbs; division is faster and more reliable for home growers.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Divide bulbs carefully.
- Plant at the same depth as the parent.
- Water lightly.
- Maintain consistent moisture.
Best Time: After flowering, when bulbs are dormant or just beginning active growth (late spring/early summer).
Environment
Warm, humid conditions for seeds; bright indirect light for divisions.
Medium
Well-draining potting mix with added perlite or sand; for seeds, use a standard seed-starting mix.
Hormone
Not necessary for division; optional for seeds to encourage germination.
Timeline
Division: immediate establishment; seeds: 1–2 years to flowering.
Tools Needed
Clean knife or shears, small pots, well-draining soil.
Quick Tips
Divide only when bulbs are crowded; store seeds in a cool, dry place; protect young plants from extreme conditions.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Snip flower stalks at the base; trim dead leaves with clean cuts.
Pruning Plan
Minimal pruning needed; focus on removing spent flower stalks and dead foliage to encourage bulb health.
Tools
Clean, sharp scissors or pruners.
Checklist
Check for dead/damaged parts; use clean tools; avoid over-pruning.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Late winter or early spring, before active growth begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 1–2 inches (2.5–5 cm) in diameter.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim any damaged roots; replant at the same depth in fresh, well-draining soil.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when bulbs become crowded; best when the plant is dormant or just entering growth.
Checklist
Check root health; use fresh soil; ensure good drainage; water lightly after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water at the base of the plant, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone; allow excess water to drain completely; water in the morning to reduce evaporation.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once the top inch of soil is dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand to improve drainage; incorporate compost for organic matter.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Yellowing leaves (cold stress); wilting or brown leaf tips (heat stress); stunted growth.
Cold Stress
Slows growth; may cause leaf discoloration; roots become susceptible to rot in cold, wet soil.
Solution: Move to a warmer location; insulate pots; reduce watering; ensure good drainage.
Hot Stress
Leaves may scorch or wilt; growth may slow; soil dries out faster, increasing water needs.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase humidity; water more frequently but avoid waterlogging.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check growth phase; dilute fertilizer; apply to moist soil; avoid contact with foliage.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during active growth (spring/summer); cease in fall/winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicOrnithogalum arabicum is toxic to cats, with the bulb being the most toxic part. The plant contains compounds that can cause severe gastrointestinal upset and systemic toxicity in felines.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
ToxicThe plant is toxic to dogs due to the presence of saponins and other toxic compounds that can cause gastrointestinal and systemic issues. Ingestion can lead to severe discomfort and potential organ damage.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
ToxicOrnithogalum arabicum contains toxic compounds, primarily saponins and alkaloids, which can cause significant physiological distress upon ingestion. These compounds interfere with cellular functions and can lead to systemic toxicity.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Ornithogalum arabicum toxic to pets?
A: Yes, it is toxic to dogs and cats if ingested.
Q: How often should I water Ornithogalum arabicum?
A: Water moderately, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings.
Q: Does Ornithogalum arabicum attract wildlife?
A: Yes, it attracts bees, butterflies, and birds with its flowers.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Care: | easy |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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