Nasturtium
tropaeolum majus
Also known as: ["Indian cress","nasturtium"]
Overview
A fast-growing, trailing or climbing annual or perennial plant with round leaves and bright, often variegated flowers.
Benefits & Perks
["long-flowering","edible fruits","culinary herb","aesthetic foliage","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","drought tolerant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Tropaeolaceae |
| Genus: | Tropaeolum |
| Botanical Name: | Tropaeolum majus |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Flowers
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden bed or container in a sunny spot
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, fertile soil with added organic matter; cactus or succulent mix can work well.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: very low
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: Light pruning every few weeks during growing season; major pruning in early spring if needed.
- Pruning Intensity: Light to moderate; avoid heavy pruning unless necessary for plant health or size control.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun (6–8 hours/day) with some afternoon shade in hot climates; adjust for seasonal light intensity.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually to intense sunlight; protect from harsh afternoon sun to prevent scorching; adjust placement based on indoor/outdoor conditions.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
very easyeasy
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plants for even light exposure; use sheer curtains to filter intense sun; monitor for signs of sunburn.
Watering
every 5–7 days during active growth, reduce in winter
Water deeply to encourage root growth; avoid waterlogging to prevent root rot; adjust frequency based on weather and growth stage.
Soil
well-draining, fertile soil with organic matter
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Use a mix that doesn’t retain excess moisture; avoid heavy clay soils; amend with organic matter for better structure.
Temperature
Prefers moderate temperatures (60–75°F or 15–24°C); tolerates mild heat but may struggle in extreme cold.
Monitor temperature fluctuations; adjust care based on seasonal changes; protect from extreme conditions.
Fertilizing
every 2–4 weeks during growing season, none in winter
Apply fertilizer after watering to prevent root burn; stop fertilizing when plant is dormant; use organic options for gentle feeding.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or seed propagation; stem cuttings are faster and more reliable.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take a 4–6 inch cutting.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Dip in rooting hormone (optional).
- Plant in medium.
- Keep moist and warm.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm, humid environment with indirect light; maintain consistent moisture.
Medium
Well-draining potting mix with perlite or sand; can also root in water.
Hormone
Optional but recommended for faster rooting.
Timeline
Roots develop in 2–3 weeks; new growth appears in 4–6 weeks.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, well-draining medium.
Quick Tips
Use healthy, non-flowering stems; keep cuttings out of direct sun; maintain humidity for faster rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Pinch back tips to encourage branching; remove dead or yellowing leaves; cut back overgrown stems to desired shape.
Pruning Plan
Regular light pruning to encourage bushier growth and remove spent flowers; more intensive pruning to control size or rejuvenate older plants.
Tools
Pruning shears, gloves, clean cutting tools.
Checklist
Sanitize tools; prune during dry conditions; remove dead or diseased parts; encourage airflow by thinning dense growth.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before new growth begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 1–2 inches in diameter; ensure good drainage holes.
Method
Gently remove plant; trim any circling roots; place in a slightly larger pot with fresh, well-draining soil; water thoroughly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot every 1–2 years or when roots fill the container; beneficial for container-grown plants to refresh soil and provide space.
Checklist
Choose appropriate pot size; prepare fresh soil mix; handle roots carefully; water after repotting; place in appropriate light.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water at the base of the plant, ensuring even moisture distribution; water early in the day to minimize evaporation; ensure excess water drains away to prevent standing water.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water regularly during active growth, allowing soil to dry slightly between waterings; reduce frequency in winter dormancy.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure soil is loose and airy.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Wilting, yellowing leaves, stunted growth, or flower drop in response to temperature stress.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth and can cause leaf damage or death in frost conditions.
Solution: Protect from frost with row covers or move indoors; avoid cold drafts; ensure adequate light in cooler conditions.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can lead to wilting, leaf scorch, or reduced flowering.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering frequency; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check fertilizer type; dilute correctly; apply during growing season; avoid over-fertilization.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during active growth; avoid fertilizing in winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Non-toxicNasturtium is not considered toxic to cats. The plant is generally safe for feline consumption, though large quantities may cause mild digestive upset.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
Non-toxicNasturtium is not considered toxic to dogs. The plant is generally safe for canine consumption, though large quantities may cause mild digestive upset.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
Slightly ToxicTropaeolum majus, commonly known as nasturtium, contains glucosinolates and other compounds that can cause mild gastrointestinal distress when consumed in large amounts. The plant is generally considered safe for culinary use in moderation.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten in large quantities
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Tropaeolum majus edible?
A: Yes, both the flowers and leaves are edible and have a peppery flavor, often used in salads.
Q: Does nasturtium attract wildlife?
A: Yes, it attracts bees, butterflies, and birds, making it a great addition to wildlife gardens.
Q: How often should I water nasturtium?
A: Nasturtiums are drought-tolerant and prefer moderate watering; overwatering can lead to root rot.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Tropaeolaceae |
| Care: | very easy |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 5–7 days during active |
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