Annatto
bixa orellana
Also known as: ["Lipstick Tree","Achiote"]
Overview
A tropical shrub or small tree known for its reddish-orange seeds used as a natural dye and flavoring.
Benefits & Perks
["edible fruits","medicinal use","culinary herb","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Bixaceae |
| Genus: | Bixa |
| Botanical Name: | Bixa orellana |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Trees
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden in tropical or subtropical regions
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"15–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: every 2–3 days in dry climates
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, fertile soil with organic matter; cactus mix amended with compost works well.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: Annually in late winter or early spring before new growth begins; light pruning can be done as needed year-round.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of old growth if needed, but avoid heavy pruning unless necessary.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Bright, indirect light for 6–8 hours daily; can tolerate some direct morning sun but avoid harsh afternoon sun, especially in summer.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to direct sunlight to prevent scorching; for indoor plants, place near east or west-facing windows; outdoors, provide partial shade during peak sun hours.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plant weekly for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter intense light; monitor for leaf burn signs.
Watering
every 7–10 days during growing season, reduce in winter
Water deeply to encourage root growth; avoid overwatering, especially in winter; ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging.
Soil
well-draining, fertile loam with organic matter
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Use a mix of potting soil, perlite, and compost; avoid heavy clay soils; ensure pots have drainage holes.
Temperature
Prefers warm temperatures (65–85°F or 18–29°C); thrives in tropical conditions; sensitive to cold drafts and frost.
Avoid placing near air conditioning vents; maintain consistent temperatures; protect from sudden temperature fluctuations.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during active growth
Fertilize after watering to prevent salt buildup; avoid fertilizing newly repotted plants for 4–6 weeks; flush soil occasionally to prevent nutrient lockout.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or seeds; stem cuttings are more common for home growers.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take 4–6 inch cuttings with at least two nodes.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Dip in rooting hormone.
- Plant in medium.
- Keep moist and warm.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm (70–80°F or 21–27°C), humid environment with indirect light; maintain consistent moisture.
Medium
Well-draining mix of peat, perlite, and sand; can also use water propagation for cuttings.
Hormone
Rooting hormone is recommended to improve success rates.
Timeline
Cuttings may root in 4–8 weeks; seed germination can take 2–4 weeks with establishment over several months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, well-draining medium, plastic wrap or propagator.
Quick Tips
Use healthy, non-flowering stems for cuttings; maintain high humidity by covering with plastic; change water regularly if using water propagation.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Use clean, sharp tools; make cuts just above a leaf node or branch junction; remove crossing or crowded branches.
Pruning Plan
Prune to maintain shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or diseased wood; also to manage size in containers.
Tools
Pruning shears, loppers (for larger branches), sterilizing solution (e.g., rubbing alcohol).
Checklist
Sterilize tools before use; prune during dormancy; remove dead/diseased wood first; shape the plant evenly.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the active growing season begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter; ensure the new pot has drainage holes.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim any circling roots; place in a slightly larger pot with fresh, well-draining soil; water thoroughly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; beneficial for container-grown plants to refresh soil and provide space.
Checklist
Choose appropriate pot size; prepare fresh soil mix; handle roots carefully; water after repotting; place in shaded area for a few days.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water early in the day; ensure pots have drainage holes; adjust frequency based on season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water at the base of the plant, targeting the root zone; water until it drains from the bottom, ensuring even moisture; avoid wetting foliage to prevent fungal issues.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water regularly during growing season (spring/summer), allowing soil to dry slightly between waterings; reduce frequency in fall/winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure soil is loose and airy.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis (yellowing leaves), leaf drop, stunted growth, or bud drop in response to temperature stress.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures (below 50°F or 10°C) can cause leaf drop, slow growth, and potential dieback; frost can be fatal.
Solution: Protect from cold drafts and frost; move potted plants indoors during cold spells; use frost cloth for outdoor plants in winter.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat (above 90°F or 32°C) can lead to wilting, leaf scorch, and reduced flowering; may require increased humidity.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering frequency; mist leaves to boost humidity; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use balanced fertilizer; dilute properly; apply during growing season; avoid over-fertilizing; flush soil periodically.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced liquid fertilizer (10-10-10) every 4–6 weeks during growing season; reduce or stop in winter; dilute to half-strength to avoid root burn.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Non-toxicBixa orellana is not considered toxic to cats. The plant is generally safe for feline exposure, though excessive consumption may cause mild gastrointestinal upset.
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested
Dogs
Non-toxicBixa orellana is not considered toxic to dogs. The plant is generally safe for canine exposure, though excessive consumption may cause mild gastrointestinal upset.
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested
Humans
Slightly ToxicThe seeds and bark of Bixa orellana contain bixin and norbixin, which can cause mild gastrointestinal distress if consumed in large amounts. The plant is generally considered safe for culinary use in moderation.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten in large quantities
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Annatto safe for human consumption?
A: Yes, the seeds and leaves are commonly used as food coloring and flavoring.
Q: Does the Annatto plant attract wildlife?
A: Yes, it attracts bees, butterflies, and birds with its flowers and fruits.
Q: How should Annatto be cared for?
A: It requires well-drained soil, full sun to partial shade, and regular watering, especially during dry periods.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Bixaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during growi |
Get Expert Care Tips
Download the Plantious app for personalized care reminders and plant identification!
Google Play App StoreRelated Plants
