Boneset
eupatorium perfoliatum
Also known as: ["Common Boneset","Thoroughwort"]
Overview
A herbaceous perennial native to North America, known for its clusters of small, white flowers and historical medicinal use.
Benefits & Perks
["wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","medicinal use","aesthetic foliage"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Eupatorium |
| Botanical Name: | Eupatorium perfoliatum |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Herbs & Weeds
- Suitable Location: garden bed in a sunny to partially shaded area
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"4–8"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Well-draining to moderately draining; avoid heavy clay soils that retain too much water.
- Soil Type: Rich, loamy soil with good organic matter; well-draining to prevent waterlogging.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: Annually in late winter or early spring before new growth begins; light pruning can be done after flowering if needed.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of the oldest stems to rejuvenate the plant.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun to partial shade; 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily, with some afternoon shade in hot climates to prevent scorching.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually to intense sunlight; provide shade during peak afternoon hours in hot regions; ensure adequate air circulation to prevent sunburn.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate the plant regularly for even light exposure; use sheer curtains to filter intense sunlight indoors; avoid placing in direct afternoon sun during summer.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter
Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom, allow soil to dry slightly between waterings, avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal issues.
Soil
moist, fertile, well-drained loam
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure soil is loose and crumbly; avoid compacted soil; check drainage by watering and observing runoff.
Temperature
Prefers moderate temperatures between 60–75°F (15–24°C); can tolerate cooler temperatures but avoid prolonged exposure below 50°F (10°C).
Monitor temperature fluctuations; protect from drafts; adjust watering based on heat levels.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer
Fertilize only when the plant is actively growing; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; use a slow-release fertilizer for consistent feeding.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or division; stem cuttings are the most common method for home growers.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take 4–6 inch stem cuttings.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Dip in rooting hormone.
- Plant in moist propagation medium.
- Keep humid and warm.
Best Time: Early spring or late summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm, humid environment with indirect light; maintain temperatures around 70–75°F (21–24°C) for optimal rooting.
Medium
Well-draining potting mix with perlite or sand; can also root in water initially.
Hormone
Rooting hormone is recommended to improve success rates.
Timeline
Roots typically develop in 3–6 weeks; new growth may appear in 2–3 months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, well-draining soil mix, plastic wrap or propagator.
Quick Tips
Use healthy, non-flowering stems for cuttings; maintain high humidity to prevent wilting; avoid overwatering to prevent rot.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Cut stems back to a healthy bud or lateral branch; remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches; shape the plant as desired.
Pruning Plan
Prune to maintain shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or diseased stems; also prune to control size and improve air circulation.
Tools
Pruning shears, loppers (for larger stems), gloves, disinfectant for tools.
Checklist
Disinfect tools before use; prune during dormancy; remove dead or diseased wood; make clean cuts just above a bud or branch junction.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before the growing season begins; avoid repotting during flowering or extreme weather.
Pot Size
Choose a pot one size larger than the current one (e.g., +2–3 inches in diameter); ensure it has drainage holes.
Method
Gently remove the plant from its pot; trim any circling roots; place in a new pot with fresh, well-draining soil; water thoroughly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound; also repot if the soil is depleted or drainage is poor.
Checklist
Select appropriate pot size; prepare fresh soil mix; trim roots if necessary; water after repotting; place in a shaded area for a few days.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply at the base; ensure proper drainage; adjust frequency based on season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the base of the plant, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone; water early in the morning to minimize evaporation and fungal growth; ensure excess water drains away to prevent waterlogging.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once the top inch of soil feels dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add compost or well-rotted manure to enhance fertility; mix in perlite or sand to improve drainage; use mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis (yellowing leaves), wilting, bud drop, or stunted growth; leaf scorch or browning edges in excessive heat.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures can slow growth, cause leaf drop, and increase susceptibility to root rot; prolonged cold may lead to plant death.
Solution: Move potted plants indoors or to a sheltered location; provide a layer of mulch to insulate roots; use frost cloth or row covers for outdoor plants.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause wilting, leaf scorch, and reduced flowering; may lead to dehydration and nutrient deficiencies.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering frequency; use mulch to retain soil moisture; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use diluted fertilizer; apply during active growth; avoid winter feeding; flush soil periodically.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength; apply every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring to early fall); avoid fertilizing in winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Non-toxicEupatorium perfoliatum is not considered toxic to cats. There are no documented cases of toxicity in felines from this plant.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally not toxic
Dogs
Non-toxicEupatorium perfoliatum is not considered toxic to dogs. There are no documented cases of toxicity in canines from this plant.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally not toxic
Humans
Non-toxicEupatorium perfoliatum is not considered toxic to humans under normal circumstances. It has been used traditionally in herbal medicine for its diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties.
⚡ Toxic If:
Generally not toxic
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Boneset toxic to pets?
A: It is mildly toxic to dogs and cats, so ingestion should be avoided.
Q: What are the medicinal uses of Boneset?
A: Historically, it was used to treat colds, flu, and respiratory issues, though modern use is limited.
Q: Does Boneset attract wildlife?
A: Yes, it attracts bees, butterflies, and birds due to its nectar-rich flowers.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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