Spear-leaf Pigface
carpobrotus acinaciformis
Also known as: ["African Ice Plant","Spear-leaf Pigface"]
Overview
A low-growing succulent with fleshy, triangular leaves and bright magenta flowers, native to South Africa.
Benefits & Perks
["drought tolerant","deer resistant","fast growing","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Aizoaceae |
| Genus: | Carpobrotus |
| Botanical Name: | Carpobrotus acinaciformis |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Succulents & Cacti
- Suitable Location: ground cover in coastal or arid gardens, or in large containers
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"5–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent root rot.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, sandy soil with some organic matter. Cactus or succulent potting mix is ideal.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: very low
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: Every 1–2 years or as needed to manage spread and shape.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate to heavy, depending on desired shape and spread control.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun (6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily). Tolerates partial shade but may become leggy or less vibrant.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually if moving from shade to full sun; protect from intense midday sun in hot climates; ensure good air circulation to prevent heat stress.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
easyeasy
Sunlight
full sun
Full sun is essential for vibrant growth; rotate plants for even exposure; avoid deep shade.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter
Water thoroughly but infrequently; allow soil to dry between waterings; avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal issues.
Soil
well-draining, sandy soil
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure excellent drainage; avoid heavy clay soils; amend with sand or perlite if needed.
Temperature
Thrives in warm climates (65–90°F or 18–32°C). Tolerates mild frosts but prefers temperatures above 50°F (10°C).
Protect from frost; ensure good air circulation in heat; adjust watering with temperature changes.
Fertilizing
every 3 months with slow-release fertilizer
Fertilize only during active growth; avoid over-fertilization to prevent salt buildup; flush soil occasionally to remove excess salts.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings are the most reliable method. Leaf cuttings can also be used but are less common.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take a 3–4 inch cutting.
- Let it callus for a few days.
- Dip in rooting hormone (optional).
- Plant in moist propagation medium.
- Keep warm and humid.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm (70–80°F or 21–27°C), humid environment with bright indirect light.
Medium
Well-draining mix of perlite and peat moss or cactus/succulent potting soil.
Hormone
Rooting hormone is optional but can speed up root development.
Timeline
Roots typically form in 2–4 weeks; plants can be transplanted after 6–8 weeks.
Tools Needed
Sharp knife or scissors, rooting hormone (optional), small pots, propagation medium.
Quick Tips
Allow cuttings to callus before planting; maintain humidity with a plastic cover; use well-draining medium to prevent rot.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Cut back stems to the desired length, removing dead or overgrown parts. Shear lightly for a more formal look.
Pruning Plan
Prune to control spread, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or damaged foliage. Regular pruning helps maintain shape and vigor.
Tools
Pruning shears, sharp knife, gloves.
Checklist
Sterilize tools; prune during active growth; remove dead/damaged stems; shape as desired.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the active growing season begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 1–2 inches in diameter.
Method
Remove the plant gently; trim any dead roots; place in a slightly larger pot with fresh, well-draining soil; water lightly after repotting.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound. Potted plants may need repotting more frequently.
Checklist
Choose a slightly larger pot; use fresh soil; trim roots if necessary; water sparingly after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply at the base; ensure proper drainage; avoid wetting foliage.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone until the soil is moist but not waterlogged. Ensure water penetrates deeply to encourage root growth. Water in the morning to minimize evaporation and fungal growth.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once every 7–10 days during active growth in spring/summer; reduce frequency to every 3–4 weeks in fall/winter. Adjust based on rainfall and soil dryness.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand to improve drainage; incorporate compost for organic matter; ensure soil is not compacted.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis or wilting in excessive heat; leaf drop or stunted growth in cold stress.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth and can cause leaf damage or dieback. Prolonged cold may lead to root rot if soil remains wet.
Solution: Provide frost protection in cold climates; ensure well-draining soil to prevent waterlogging; move potted plants indoors if temperatures drop below 40°F (4°C).
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause leaf scorch, wilting, or reduced flowering if water and light conditions are not optimal.
Solution: Provide some afternoon shade in extreme heat; increase watering frequency; mulch to retain soil moisture.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use diluted fertilizer; apply during growing season; avoid winter feeding; flush soil periodically.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer. Avoid fertilizing in fall and winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Slightly ToxicCats may experience mild gastrointestinal irritation if they consume Carpobrotus acinaciformis. The plant's oxalic acid content can cause digestive upset, though severe toxicity is rare.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
Slightly ToxicIn dogs, ingestion of Carpobrotus acinaciformis may lead to mild gastrointestinal upset due to the presence of oxalic acid and other irritants. The plant is not typically life-threatening but can cause discomfort.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
Slightly ToxicCarpobrotus acinaciformis, commonly known as pigface or ice plant, contains oxalic acid and other compounds that can cause mild gastrointestinal distress when ingested in large quantities. The plant's mucilaginous texture may also contribute to digestive discomfort.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Carpobrotus acinaciformis invasive?
A: Yes, it is considered invasive in many regions due to its aggressive spreading habit.
Q: Does it require much water?
A: No, it is highly drought-tolerant and thrives in dry conditions.
Q: Can the fruit be eaten?
A: The fleshy fruit is edible and has a sweet, salty flavor, often used in salads or preserves.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Aizoaceae |
| Care: | easy |
| Light: | full sun |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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