Bird's-foot trefoil
lotus corniculatus
Also known as: ["Bird's-foot trefoil","Erect bird's-foot trefoil","Common bird's-foot trefoil"]
Overview
A low-growing perennial herbaceous plant in the pea family, known for its yellow flowers and distinctive seed pods resembling a bird's foot.
Benefits & Perks
["drought tolerant","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)","low maintenance"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | Lotus |
| Botanical Name: | Lotus corniculatus |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Herbs & Weeds
- Suitable Location: meadows, lawns, or as a ground cover in gardens
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"0–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"3–9"}
- Misting: rarely required
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent root rot.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, loamy soil with organic matter.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: low
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: Twice a year—after flowering and in late winter.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of the plant if overgrown.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun (6–8 hours/day) is ideal, though it tolerates partial shade. Adjust exposure based on seasonal intensity.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually to intense sunlight; protect from harsh midday sun in summer; ensure adequate airflow to prevent fungal issues.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
easymoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plants for even light exposure; use shade cloth in extreme heat; avoid placing in drafty areas.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter
Water at the base to avoid foliage wetting; ensure soil dries slightly between waterings; avoid overwatering.
Soil
well-drained, sandy or loamy soil
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Avoid heavy clay soils; ensure consistent moisture without waterlogging; amend with organic matter.
Temperature
Prefers cool to moderate temperatures (60–75°F or 15–24°C). Tolerates frost but may struggle in prolonged heat.
Monitor temperature extremes; adjust watering and light exposure accordingly; protect from sudden temperature shifts.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during growing season
Fertilize sparingly; apply before active growth; avoid nitrogen-heavy formulas.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or division are the most effective methods.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take 4–6 inch cuttings.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Dip in rooting hormone.
- Plant in medium.
- Maintain humidity.
Best Time: Early spring or late summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm, humid conditions with indirect light and consistent moisture.
Medium
Well-draining potting mix with perlite or sand.
Hormone
Rooting hormone is optional but can improve success rates.
Timeline
Roots typically develop in 3–4 weeks; establishment may take 2–3 months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, pots, well-draining medium.
Quick Tips
Use healthy, non-flowering stems; maintain high humidity; avoid direct sunlight.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Selective thinning and heading back to promote airflow and light penetration.
Pruning Plan
Prune to maintain shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or weak stems.
Tools
Pruning shears, gloves, disinfectant.
Checklist
Disinfect tools; prune dead/damaged stems; shape the plant; clean up debris.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before new growth begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim roots if needed; repot in fresh, well-draining soil; water lightly.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots outgrow the container.
Checklist
Choose appropriate pot; prepare fresh soil; handle roots carefully; water after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water early morning; avoid wetting leaves; ensure proper drainage.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone until the soil is moist but not waterlogged. Ensure water penetrates the root zone and allow excess to drain away. Water early in the morning to minimize evaporation.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once a week during active growth, reducing frequency in winter. Adjust based on rainfall and soil moisture retention.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure good aeration.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Wilting, yellowing leaves, stunted growth, or leaf drop in extreme heat or cold.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth but do not typically harm the plant. Frost may cause temporary wilting.
Solution: Provide frost protection in severe cold; ensure good drainage to prevent root rot in wet conditions.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause leaf scorch, wilting, and reduced flowering.
Solution: Provide partial shade during peak heat; increase watering frequency; mulch to retain soil moisture.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use balanced fertilizer; apply in spring; avoid foliage contact; water after application.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring. Avoid over-fertilizing, as Lotus corniculatus is not heavy feeder.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Slightly ToxicLotus corniculatus is slightly toxic to cats, primarily causing mild gastrointestinal distress if ingested. The plant's tannins can lead to discomfort but are not life-threatening.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
Slightly ToxicWhile not highly toxic, ingestion of Lotus corniculatus by dogs may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to its tannin content. The plant is not considered a significant threat to canine health.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
Non-toxicLotus corniculatus, commonly known as bird's-foot trefoil, is generally considered non-toxic to humans. However, ingestion in large quantities may lead to mild gastrointestinal discomfort due to its high tannin content.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten in large quantities
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Lotus corniculatus toxic to pets?
A: No, it is non-toxic to dogs and cats.
Q: Does Bird's-foot trefoil attract wildlife?
A: Yes, it attracts bees, butterflies, and birds.
Q: Is this plant suitable for drought conditions?
A: Yes, it is drought tolerant and requires minimal watering.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Care: | easy |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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