Tree Spurge
euphorbia dendroides
Also known as: ["Mediterranean Spurge","Arboreal Spurge"]
Overview
A succulent-like shrub with a tree-like growth habit, native to the Mediterranean region, characterized by its green stems and yellow-green flowers.
Benefits & Perks
["drought tolerant","deer resistant","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus: | Euphorbia |
| Botanical Name: | Euphorbia dendroides |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Succulents & Cacti
- Suitable Location: rock garden, xeriscaped area, or container in a sunny spot
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: moderate
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"10–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining cactus or succulent mix with added perlite or coarse sand.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: low
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: As needed, typically every 1–2 years or after flowering.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of the plant if necessary, but avoid excessive pruning.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun to bright indirect light, 6–8 hours daily; adjust for intensity (e.g., provide shade in extreme summer heat).
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to intense sunlight; avoid sudden placement in direct sun to prevent scorching; for indoor plants, place near south-facing windows with filtered light.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plant weekly for even growth; use sheer curtains in summer to diffuse harsh light; monitor for leaf burn.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, every 3–4 weeks in winter
Water thoroughly but infrequently; ensure excellent drainage; avoid waterlogged soil to prevent root rot.
Soil
well-draining, sandy or rocky soil mix
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Use pots with drainage holes; avoid compacted soil; ensure soil dries between waterings.
Temperature
Prefers warm temperatures (65–85°F or 18–29°C); tolerates mild frosts but thrives in stable warmth; reduce watering in cooler periods.
Avoid sudden temperature shifts; protect from frost; maintain consistent warmth during active growth.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during active growth with balanced liquid fertilizer, none in winter
Fertilize only during active growth; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup; use a cactus-specific fertilizer for best results.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings or division of offsets; stem cuttings are the most common method.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Select a healthy stem.
- Cut cleanly.
- Let callus.
- Plant in medium.
- Water sparingly.
- Provide warmth and light.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm, humid environment with bright indirect light; maintain temperatures around 70–75°F (21–24°C).
Medium
Well-draining mix of cactus soil and perlite (1:1 ratio); allow cuttings to callus for 1–2 weeks before planting.
Hormone
Optional, but rooting hormone can speed up the process.
Timeline
Roots may form in 4–8 weeks; new growth may appear in 2–3 months.
Tools Needed
Sharp knife or pruners, rooting hormone (optional), well-draining soil mix, small pots.
Quick Tips
Ensure cuttings are healthy; do not overwater; maintain humidity with a plastic cover if needed.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Cut stems just above a node or junction; wear gloves to avoid contact with latex sap.
Pruning Plan
Prune to control size, remove dead or damaged stems, and encourage bushier growth; focus on structural improvement.
Tools
Clean, sharp pruners or a knife, gloves, protective eyewear.
Checklist
Sterilize tools; wear gloves; cut cleanly; dispose of pruned material; avoid pruning in winter.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before the active growth period begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–3 inches (5–7.5 cm) in diameter.
Method
Remove plant carefully; trim any dead roots; place in a slightly larger pot with fresh cactus mix; ensure good drainage.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; necessary to refresh soil and provide space for growth.
Checklist
Check root health; use fresh soil; ensure drainage; avoid over-potting; water lightly after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply; ensure drainage; reduce winter watering.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone until water drains from the bottom; ensure excess water exits the pot; water in the morning to allow foliage to dry; avoid wetting the stem or leaves.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply during active growth (spring-summer) every 7-10 days, allowing soil to dry partially between waterings; reduce frequency to monthly or less in winter dormancy.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite, coarse sand, or pumice to standard potting soil to enhance drainage; avoid heavy, water-retentive soils.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis (yellowing leaves), stunted growth, bud drop, or stem softening in cold; wilting or leaf scorch in excessive heat.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth and can cause root damage; prolonged cold may lead to tissue damage or death.
Solution: Move to a warmer location; insulate pots with bubble wrap; avoid cold drafts; reduce watering during cold spells.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause dehydration, leaf burn, or sun scorch; may lead to wilting or leaf drop.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase humidity with misting; water early in the day; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check growth phase before fertilizing; dilute fertilizer properly; avoid over-fertilization; stop in winter.
Fertilizing Method
Use a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer; avoid fertilizing in fall and winter.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
ToxicCats are susceptible to the toxic effects of Euphorbia dendroides if they ingest any part of the plant. The irritant compounds can cause severe gastrointestinal distress and skin irritation upon contact.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested
Dogs
ToxicIngestion of Euphorbia dendroides by dogs can cause severe gastrointestinal upset due to the irritant compounds in the plant. The milky sap can also cause skin and mucous membrane irritation if contact occurs.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if ingested
Humans
ToxicThe milky sap of Euphorbia dendroides contains diterpenoid esters, which are irritants and can cause significant skin and eye irritation upon contact. Ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal distress and systemic effects due to the presence of these compounds.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if touched or ingested
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Euphorbia dendroides toxic to pets?
A: Yes, it is toxic to dogs and cats if ingested.
Q: How often should I water this plant?
A: Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings, as it is drought-tolerant.
Q: Does this plant require full sun?
A: Yes, it thrives in full sun to partial shade.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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