Tomatillo
physalis philadelphica
Also known as: ["Mexican husk tomato","jálape","miltomate"]
Overview
A herbaceous annual plant native to Mexico, cultivated for its small, spherical, and green or yellow fruit enclosed in a papery husk.
Benefits & Perks
["edible fruits","fast growing","disease resistant"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | Physalis |
| Botanical Name: | Physalis philadelphica |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Fruits
- Suitable Location: outdoor garden bed in full sun, or large container in a sunny spot
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"15–35°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent waterlogging.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, loamy soil with added organic matter (e.g., compost or aged manure).
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: moderate
- Pruning Frequency: Light pruning throughout growing season; major pruning in late winter or early spring before new growth.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of growth if needed for shaping or rejuvenation.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun (6–8 hours/day) with some afternoon shade in hot climates; adjust based on seasonal light intensity.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually to intense sunlight; protect from harsh afternoon sun to prevent scorching; for indoor plants, place near a south-facing window with filtered light.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
easymoderate
Sunlight
full sun
Rotate plant weekly for even growth; use sheer curtains to filter intense light; monitor for signs of sunburn.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter
Water deeply to encourage root growth; avoid overwatering, especially in cooler months; ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging.
Soil
well-draining, sandy loam with moderate organic matter
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Ensure pots have drainage holes; avoid heavy clay soils; test pH periodically; amend as needed.
Temperature
Warm conditions (65–85°F/18–29°C) preferred; tolerates mild frost but thrives in heat; adjust care for seasonal temperature shifts.
Protect from frost; avoid placing near drafty windows; maintain consistent temperatures for fruiting.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during growing season
Fertilize after watering to prevent root burn; avoid over-fertilizing, which can harm fruit production; flush soil occasionally to remove excess salts.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings; seeds (less common for home growers).
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take 4–6 inch cuttings.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Dip in rooting hormone.
- Plant in medium.
- Maintain humidity.
- Water lightly.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when plant is actively growing.
Environment
Warm (70–75°F/21–24°C), humid, and bright but indirect light; protect from direct sun.
Medium
Well-draining mix (e.g., peat and perlite or cactus mix).
Hormone
Recommended to promote root development.
Timeline
Roots develop in 2–4 weeks; plant establishment takes 2–3 months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, well-draining medium, plastic wrap or propagator.
Quick Tips
Use healthy, non-flowering stems; maintain consistent moisture; provide bottom heat for faster rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Pinch back tips for bushier growth; cut back leggy stems; remove yellow or damaged leaves.
Pruning Plan
Remove dead or diseased growth; shape plant for better air circulation; encourage bushier growth and more fruit production.
Tools
Pruning shears, gloves, disinfectant (e.g., rubbing alcohol).
Checklist
Disinfect tools; prune during dry weather; cut just above a leaf node; remove crossing branches; clean up debris.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Early spring before active growth begins.
Pot Size
Increase pot size by 2–3 inches in diameter; ensure good drainage holes.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim roots if crowded; place in new pot with fresh soil; water lightly; avoid fertilizing for a few weeks.
Suggestions
Repot every 1–2 years or when roots fill the pot; beneficial for container-grown plants to refresh soil and provide space.
Checklist
Choose appropriate pot size; prepare fresh soil mix; trim roots if necessary; water after repotting; place in appropriate light.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply; ensure drainage; avoid wetting leaves; adjust frequency by season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water at the base of the plant, targeting the root zone; apply until water drains from the bottom; avoid wetting foliage to reduce disease risk; water early in the day to minimize evaporation.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water moderately during active growth (spring/summer), allowing soil to dry slightly between waterings; reduce frequency in fall/winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; use raised beds for better aeration.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis or wilting in excessive heat; stunted growth or leaf drop in cold stress; blossom drop during temperature fluctuations.
Cold Stress
Low temperatures slow growth and may cause leaf damage or dieback; prolonged cold can lead to root rot if soil remains wet.
Solution: Move potted plants indoors or to a sheltered location; use frost cloth for outdoor plants; ensure soil dries more slowly to prevent freezing.
Hot Stress
Excessive heat can cause leaf scorch, wilting, or reduced fruit set; high humidity combined with heat may promote fungal issues.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering frequency; use mulch to retain soil moisture; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Use balanced fertilizer; dilute properly; apply during growing season; avoid foliage contact; flush soil periodically.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced liquid fertilizer (10-10-10) every 4–6 weeks during growing season; reduce or stop in fall/winter; dilute to half-strength to avoid salt buildup.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Slightly ToxicCats are sensitive to solanine found in unripe fruits of Physalis philadelphica, which can lead to gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms. Ripe fruits are generally safe in small quantities.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten unripe
Dogs
Slightly ToxicDogs may experience gastrointestinal upset if they consume unripe fruits of Physalis philadelphica due to the presence of solanine. Ripe fruits are typically safe for dogs in moderation.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten unripe
Humans
Slightly ToxicThe unripe fruits of Physalis philadelphica contain solanine, a glycoalkaloid toxin that can cause gastrointestinal distress and neurological symptoms. The ripe fruit is generally safe for consumption.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten unripe
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How do I grow tomatillos from seed?
A: Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost, then transplant outdoors after the danger of frost has passed.
Q: Are tomatillos related to tomatoes?
A: Yes, both belong to the Solanaceae family, but tomatillos are distinct in their fruit structure and flavor.
Q: What dishes use tomatillos?
A: Tomatillos are commonly used in Mexican cuisine, such as salsa verde, enchiladas, and guacamole.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Care: | easy |
| Light: | full sun |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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