Natal Plum
carissa macrocarpa
Also known as: ["Large Num-Num","Carissa"]
Overview
A dense, evergreen shrub native to South Africa, known for its glossy foliage and edible, plum-like fruits.
Benefits & Perks
["drought tolerant","deer resistant","edible fruits","aesthetic foliage","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]
Botanical Classification
| Phylum: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Genus: | Carissa |
| Botanical Name: | Carissa macrocarpa |
Plant Characteristics
Basic Information
- Category: Shrubs
- Suitable Location: coastal gardens, rockeries, or as a hedge in temperate to subtropical regions
- Suitable For:
- Is Weed: No
- Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
- Climate: {"temperatureRange":"5–30°C"}
- Hardiness: {"zones":"9–11"}
- Misting: rarely required, only if ambient humidity is very low
- Drainage: Fast-draining to prevent root rot.
- Soil Type: Well-draining, loamy soil with added organic matter; cactus or succulent mix can be used.
Maintenance Level
- Maintenance Level: moderate
- Toughness Level: high
- Pruning Frequency: Annually in late winter or early spring; light pruning can be done as needed.
- Pruning Intensity: Moderate; remove up to one-third of old growth if needed.
Care Details
Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Full sun to partial shade; 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily; tolerates some afternoon shade in hot climates.
Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate plants gradually to intense sunlight; protect from harsh afternoon sun in summer; adjust placement based on seasonal light changes.
Care Requirements
Care Difficulty
moderatemoderate
Sunlight
full sun to partial shade
Rotate plant for even light exposure; use sheer curtains to filter intense sun; monitor for sunburn signs.
Watering
every 7–10 days during active growth, reduce in winter
Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom; allow soil to dry between waterings; avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal issues.
Soil
well-draining, loamy soil with some organic matter
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).
Use raised beds for better drainage; avoid heavy clay soils; topdress with compost annually.
Temperature
Thrives in 65–85°F (18–29°C); tolerates mild frost but prefers warm conditions; protect from prolonged cold.
Avoid sudden temperature changes; protect from drafts; maintain consistent warmth during active growth.
Fertilizing
every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer
Fertilize during active growth; avoid over-fertilizing; flush soil occasionally to prevent salt buildup.
Propagation
Methods
Stem cuttings; semi-hardwood cuttings root most reliably.
Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
- Take 4–6 inch cuttings.
- Remove lower leaves.
- Apply rooting hormone.
- Plant in medium.
- Maintain humidity.
Best Time: Spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Environment
High humidity (70–80%); warm temperatures (70–75°F); partial shade.
Medium
Well-draining mix of perlite and peat moss or cactus mix.
Hormone
Rooting hormone recommended for faster root development.
Timeline
Roots develop in 4–8 weeks; establish in new pot after 3–6 months.
Tools Needed
Pruning shears, rooting hormone, small pots, misting spray bottle.
Quick Tips
Use healthy, disease-free cuttings; maintain consistent moisture; provide bottom heat for faster rooting.
Pruning & Repotting
Pruning Guide
Method
Thinning cuts to open the canopy; heading cuts to encourage branching.
Pruning Plan
Shape plant; encourage bushier growth; remove dead or diseased wood; improve air circulation.
Tools
Pruning shears, loppers, gloves, disinfectant.
Checklist
Disinfect tools; prune dead/damaged wood; shape plant; clean up debris.
Repotting Guide
Best Season
Spring, before new growth begins.
Pot Size
Move to a pot 1–2 inches larger in diameter; avoid oversized pots.
Method
Remove plant gently; trim roots if crowded; use fresh, well-draining soil; ensure proper drainage.
Suggestions
Repot every 2–3 years or when roots fill the pot; beneficial for growth and health.
Checklist
Check root bound status; prepare new pot with drainage; use fresh soil mix; water after repotting.
Advanced Care Tips
Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist
Check soil moisture; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for season.
How to Apply Water Properly
Water directly at the root zone, ensuring even saturation; water early in the morning to minimize evaporation; ensure excess water drains away to prevent waterlogging.
Watering Schedule Tips
Water deeply once the top inch of soil feels dry; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.
Soil Improvement
Add perlite or coarse sand for drainage; incorporate compost for fertility; ensure aeration with organic matter.
Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues
Chlorosis or leaf drop in cold; wilting or scorching in excessive heat.
Cold Stress
Growth slows; leaves may yellow or drop; risk of root damage in freezing temperatures.
Solution: Move to a sheltered location; apply mulch to insulate roots; protect with frost cloth if temperatures drop below 30°F (-1°C).
Hot Stress
Wilting; leaf scorch; reduced flowering; potential for heat stress in prolonged high temperatures.
Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering; use mulch to retain soil moisture; ensure good air circulation.
Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist
Check fertilizer type; follow dilution instructions; apply during growing season; monitor for nutrient burn.
Fertilizing Method
Use balanced, slow-release fertilizer; apply in spring and mid-summer; dilute liquid fertilizer to half-strength if needed.
Common Problems & Solutions
Toxicity Warning
Cats
Slightly ToxicCats are also susceptible to mild toxicity from ingesting the unripe berries of Carissa macrocarpa. The toxic compounds can cause gastrointestinal irritation and other mild symptoms. Cats should be prevented from accessing the plant, especially the berries.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Dogs
Slightly ToxicThe unripe berries of Carissa macrocarpa can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in dogs due to the presence of diterpenoid alkaloids. While generally not life-threatening, ingestion can lead to discomfort and mild symptoms.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Humans
Slightly ToxicCarissa macrocarpa, commonly known as Natal plum, contains toxic compounds primarily in its unripe berries. The berries contain diterpenoid alkaloids, such as carissone, which can cause gastrointestinal distress and other mild symptoms if ingested in significant quantities. The ripe berries are generally considered edible but should be consumed in moderation.
⚠️ Symptoms:
🌿 Toxic Parts:
⚡ Toxic If:
if eaten
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is Carissa macrocarpa toxic to pets?
A: Yes, it is mildly toxic to dogs and cats if ingested.
Q: Does Carissa macrocarpa require much water?
A: No, it is drought tolerant and prefers well-drained soil.
Q: What are the uses of Carissa macrocarpa?
A: It is used for ornamental purposes, as a hedge plant, and its fruits are edible.
Quick Reference
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Care: | moderate |
| Light: | full sun to partial shade |
| Water: | every 7–10 days during activ |
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