Chilean rhubarb

gunnera tinctoria

Also known as: ["Nasturtiopsis tinctoria","Gunnera chilensis"]

Family: Gunneraceae Genus: Gunnera Category: Leaf Plants

Overview

A large, herbaceous perennial plant native to the Valdivian temperate rainforests of Chile and Argentina, known for its enormous leaves and architectural presence.

Benefits & Perks

["aesthetic foliage","seasonal color change","wildlife attractant (bees, butterflies, birds)"]

Botanical Classification

Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Alismatales
Family: Gunneraceae
Genus: Gunnera
Botanical Name: Gunnera tinctoria

Plant Characteristics

Basic Information
  • Category: Leaf Plants
  • Suitable Location: shady garden bed near water feature
  • Suitable For:
    Collectors & Enthusiasts Outdoor Landscapers Wildlife Supporters
  • Is Weed: No
  • Allergenicity: low
Environmental Needs
  • Climate: {"temperatureRange":"5–25°C"}
  • Hardiness: {"zones":"7–10"}
  • Misting: rarely required
  • Drainage: Well-draining but capable of retaining moisture.
  • Soil Type: Rich, loamy soil with good organic matter; well-draining but moisture-retentive.
Maintenance Level
  • Maintenance Level: moderate
  • Toughness Level: moderate
  • Pruning Frequency: As needed, typically in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
  • Pruning Intensity: Light to moderate; remove only dead or overgrown foliage unless shaping is required.
Care Details

Ideal Sunlight Coverage:
Partial shade to full sun (4–6 hours of direct sunlight); prefers bright indirect light in hotter climates.

Sunlight Tolerance Tips:
Acclimate gradually to direct sun to avoid leaf burn; provide shade during peak afternoon sun in hot regions; adjust placement based on seasonal light changes.

Warning Signs: Yellowing leaves (overwatering or poor drainage); stunted growth (nutrient deficiency or compacted soil).

Care Requirements

Care Difficulty
moderate

moderate

Sunlight

partial shade to full sun

Avoid intense midday sun; provide dappled shade in summer; rotate plant for even growth.

Watering

every 7–10 days, more frequently in hot weather

Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; water more during dry spells or high heat; ensure good drainage to prevent root issues.

Soil

rich, moist, well-draining soil

pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).

Ensure soil is rich and moist; avoid compacted soil; amend with organic matter for best growth.

Temperature

Prefers cool to mild temperatures (50–75°F or 10–24°C); tolerates frost but thrives in cooler climates.

Protect from extreme heat; mulch to insulate roots in cold; adjust watering with temperature changes.

Fertilizing

every 4–6 weeks during growing season

Fertilize in spring before active growth; avoid over-fertilizing to prevent leaf burn; water before applying fertilizer.

Propagation

Methods

Stem cuttings or division of rhizomes.

Step-by-Step Propagation Guide
  1. Take a healthy stem cutting or divide rhizomes.
  2. Plant in moist medium.
  3. Keep warm and humid.
  4. Monitor for roots.

Best Time: Early spring or late summer when the plant is actively growing.

Environment

Warm, humid environment with indirect light; maintain consistent moisture.

Medium

Peat-based potting mix with perlite for drainage.

Hormone

Rooting hormone can be used but is not strictly necessary.

Timeline

Roots develop in 4–6 weeks; new growth appears in 2–3 months.

Tools Needed

Pruning shears, sharp knife, rooting hormone (optional), pots, propagation medium.

Quick Tips

Use sharp, clean tools to prevent rot; maintain humidity with a plastic cover; ensure medium stays moist.

Pruning & Repotting

Pruning Guide
Method

Cut back dead leaves at the base; thin out overcrowded stems to improve air circulation.

Pruning Plan

Remove dead or damaged leaves to maintain plant health and appearance; control size if necessary.

Tools

Pruning shears, gloves, disinfectant for tools.

Checklist

Disinfect tools; cut dead leaves at base; remove any diseased parts; clean up debris around plant.

Repotting Guide
Best Season

Early spring before active growth starts.

Pot Size

One size larger pot (e.g., +2–3 inches in diameter); ensure good drainage holes.

Method

Remove plant gently; trim any dead roots; place in a slightly larger pot with fresh, well-draining soil; water thoroughly.

Suggestions

Repot every 2–3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound; provides fresh soil and space for growth.

Checklist

Choose appropriate pot size; prepare fresh soil mix; handle roots carefully; water after repotting.

Advanced Care Tips

Watering Mastery
Watering Checklist

Check soil moisture before watering; water deeply; ensure drainage; adjust for weather conditions.

How to Apply Water Properly

Water at the base of the plant, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone; water early in the morning to minimize evaporation; allow excess water to drain away to prevent waterlogging.

Pro Tip: Use a soaker hose to deliver water directly to the roots, reducing waste and leaf wetness.
Watering Schedule Tips

Water deeply once per week during growing season; reduce frequency in winter to prevent root rot.

Soil Improvement

Add compost or well-rotted manure to enhance fertility; incorporate perlite or sand for drainage.

Temperature Stress Management
Signs of Temperature Issues

Leaf yellowing or browning in excessive heat; stunted growth or wilting in cold stress.

Cold Stress

Slows growth; may cause leaf damage or dieback in prolonged freezing conditions.

Solution: Mulch heavily around the base; provide frost protection in severe cold; avoid overwatering in winter.

Hot Stress

Leaves may wilt, scorch, or develop brown edges; growth may slow significantly.

Solution: Provide shade during peak heat; increase watering; improve air circulation around the plant.

Fertilizing Guide
Fertilizing Checklist

Use balanced fertilizer; apply in spring; dilute liquid fertilizers; avoid winter feeding.

Fertilizing Method

Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring; apply a diluted liquid fertilizer monthly during growing season; reduce or stop in winter.

Common Problems & Solutions

Yellowing leaves in Gunnera tinctoria may indicate nutrient deficiencies, such as nitrogen or iron, or may be a response to environmental stressors like waterlogging or excessive sunlight.

Wilting in Gunnera tinctoria is often a sign of water stress, either due to drought conditions or root damage from overwatering, which can impair water uptake and lead to plant decline.

Leaf spots on Gunnera tinctoria may be caused by fungal or bacterial pathogens, resulting in reduced photosynthetic area, premature leaf drop, and overall decline in plant health.

Rotting, particularly root or crown rot, can occur in Gunnera tinctoria due to excessive moisture or fungal pathogens, leading to decay of plant tissues and potential plant death.

Toxicity Warning

Cats
Slightly Toxic

Cats are susceptible to the calcium oxalate crystals in Gunnera tinctoria, which can cause oral and gastrointestinal distress. The plant is not highly toxic but can cause significant discomfort.

⚠️ Symptoms:
vomiting excessive drooling difficulty swallowing lethargy
🌿 Toxic Parts:
roots stems leaves
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Prevent cats from accessing the plant. If ingestion is suspected, seek veterinary care promptly.
Dogs
Slightly Toxic

The calcium oxalate crystals in Gunnera tinctoria can cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation in dogs. While not typically life-threatening, ingestion can lead to discomfort and mild symptoms.

⚠️ Symptoms:
drooling pawing at mouth vomiting difficulty swallowing
🌿 Toxic Parts:
roots stems leaves
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Keep pets away from the plant. If ingestion occurs, rinse the mouth and consult a veterinarian.
Humans
Slightly Toxic

Gunnera tinctoria contains needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate, which can cause irritation and inflammation upon ingestion. The plant's roots, stems, and leaves are particularly problematic due to high concentrations of these crystals.

⚠️ Symptoms:
mouth irritation difficulty swallowing burning sensation nausea
🌿 Toxic Parts:
roots stems leaves
⚡ Toxic If:

if eaten

Thoroughly cook or boil plant parts before consumption to reduce toxicity. Avoid raw consumption, especially by children.
Important: Keep this plant out of reach of children and pets. If ingestion occurs, contact poison control or veterinary services immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is Gunnera tinctoria edible?

A: While some parts are used in traditional cooking, the plant contains oxalic acid and should be consumed with caution.

Q: How do I care for Gunnera tinctoria?

A: It requires moist, rich soil, partial shade, and protection from strong winds.

Q: Why are my Gunnera leaves turning yellow?

A: Yellowing leaves may indicate overwatering, poor drainage, or nutrient deficiencies.

Quick Reference
Family: Gunneraceae
Care: moderate
Light: partial shade to full sun
Water: every 7–10 days, more freque
Suitable For: ["collectors/enthusiasts","outdoor landscapers","wildlife supporters (attracts bees, butterflies, birds)"]
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