Leaf Margins

  • Entire: Smooth edges without serration.
  • Serrate: Fine, sharp teeth along the edge.
  • Crenate: Rounded teeth, softer appearance.
  • Undulate: Wavy surface giving texture to the edge.

Venation Patterns

  • Parallel: Veins run side by side (e.g., Spathiphyllum).
  • Pinnate: One main vein with smaller side branches (Pothos).
  • Palmate: Several major veins spread from a single point (Schefflera).

Observation Tip

High vein contrast—especially in species like Alocasia—is a strong diagnostic feature. Use side lighting when photographing to enhance texture.